San Francisco and Its Main Activities

Introduction For a city to be established, there are specific things that need to be considered, for instance, economic growth, cultural affiliations, geography and topography, history that defines the origin of the city, resources available, politics, governance, population and facilities available. San Francisco is one among the many cities in California.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on San Francisco as a Center for Transportation, Cultural and Financial Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will discuss San Francisco and determine how it established itself. San Francisco city occupies the seven-mile-wide northern tip of the San Francisco peninsula, and hosts a population of 750,000 people with very slim possibilities of going beyond that capacity (Sinclair 1). As a city, it has gone through tough and good times socially and economically, some but a few include earth quakes, floods, an d economic instabilities in the earlier days and the world wars both one and two. Due to it being a hub of activities, each time the city is faced with such challenges; it takes a short time to get back to its feet (Bing and Channell 33). It is considered as one of the major centers for transportation, cultural and financial activities. It has its history based on arts as its major establishment activity. The San Franciscans are known to be imaginative, which has given the city its name, â€Å"city of the imagination† (Sinclair 1). Throughout history, San Francisco has been known to be a city where anything and everything is possible. From politics, economic backgrounds and stands to their liberal perception on issues, it creates an atmosphere where everybody and anybody can coexist. This has attracted foreign investors from around the globe which has changed the face of the city to a more attractive one. Thesis Statement Due to San Francisco’s establishment as a city based on imagination and one that is always in progress and growth, it has taken the position of being considered a more livable city than most of the other cities in California. This far, it has been able to preserve the grounds on which it was established; imagination and attracting the outside world through its position in the region, state, national and global economy (Brook, Carlson and Peters vii). Due to the city’s stand, it has continued to contribute positively to the growth of California, which has contributed to the attraction of foreign investors and heads of major corporations. This has contributed positively to the image of San Francisco from the old ugly town to the productive town that has grown with time. San Francisco The economy of San Francisco has been on rapid growth since the time of Gold rush. This attracted so many people from all over the world who came in order to search for the gold. This increased the population of the city to an unimaginable numb er which in turn contributed positively to make the city a commercial centre and the present financial district (Sinclair 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As the city got to be established financially, California became a major beneficially of the same growth since it opened its frontier to investors. San Francisco being a Financial District, which is expansive to the shores of the ocean, and opens the beaches to the tourists, has been a major source of income to the California people. The growth of the economy in San Francisco has established itself as a centre for employment, which has attracted professional work force from neighbor states, cities and countries, a thing that had not happened in the past. Though the magnetic pull of employment has called people from all professions, this has greatly led to the economic liberation of the young people since the housing rent s remained low enough to allow artists, refugees and those outside the mainstream to survive and to prosper in the main city (Brook, Carlson and Peters 9). Its ability to host the Chamber of Commerce, Mission District, banks like Bank of America among other banks and many other significant components of the economy has made San Francisco accessible to all kinds of development that comes with civilization. Many people have been leaving their countries to get white color jobs in San Francisco even though the standard and the quality of living are very high there. Its opening to the neighborhood has been a drive in establishing restaurants and entertainment centers to cater for the needs of the people. As a city, San Francisco has been well established in arts and entertainment. The city is known to host the most enduring artists whose works sell so much all over the world. The city has been consistent in the production of high-quality soaps that are watched all over the world through their refined artists who have been in the field for a long time. San Franciscans’ use of stage from acting to music is such a catching thing that all over the world people will tune to the San Franciscan TV channels to watch their productions. The arts in this city range from photography where they have one of the best world collections that can be seen in their museums and galleries (Bing and Channell 40), social commentaries, painting and sculpture, high concepts, high craft, storytelling and by use of the new technology, they are still developing more arts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on San Francisco as a Center for Transportation, Cultural and Financial Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The San Franciscans are also in music where they are producing music in different categories ranging from opera to local entertainment. All the mentioned arts contribute to the economy of the city and in turn to that of California at large (Bing and Channel 42). Freedom of expression is one of the key features in the law that makes San Francisco to be one of the most liberal cities in California. Freedom of expression is meant to be respected by all citizens as long as an individual is not threatening the peace of the society around him/her, the person should be let to express themselves as they deem fit. The gay and the prostitute community are free to express themselves since they are accepted politically and culturally. Any people who express themselves and face the threats from the police or members of the public are at liberty to report that as harassment and the demonstration of such persons is justified. Education offered in San Francisco is that of highly specialized skills so that as professionals and individual are able to offer the society the best skills needed in changing the market. Every so often, San Francisco and California at large review the education syst em in order to improve the system to match up with the emerging needs of the world (Divine 1). This not only sets the city at a good position globally to provide up to date services, but it improves the city’s governance as they respond to local and international need to do that. As mentioned earlier, the city of San Francisco is one of the major tourist attraction places in the world, and tourism is the largest industry which generates the highest annual income for the country. Every tourist who has visited the city will do it repeatedly because the entertainment venues in San Francisco cannot be exhausted. This is because there are enough recreational sites to visit ranging from the museums, entertainment theaters, public and private beaches, animal reserves, local entertainment, explorations to up to date accommodation facilities. Out of statistics in San Francisco, it has been shown that, â€Å"the massive injection of visitors directly supports local hotels, restaurant, shops, attraction and cultural centers. It also indirectly bolsters practically every segment of the city’s economy and has a broad positive influence on the government finances† (San Francisco 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Politics and governance are two important key features of any given place and greatly affect the economic condition of the place in question. San Francisco being the only consolidated city- County in California passes its own laws and budgets through the mayor, who is the head of the city. The mayor who has the power to appoint a committee to govern the city, and this makes it easier for him to manage the city governance (Brook, Carlson and Peters 1). This has been like so since 1856 out of the observation that the city out of its numerous economic activities was doing well. Due to its independence, it has been mandated to be the state of Supreme Court of the state of California. San Francisco is considered as one of the best places for conventions and conferences. Due to good governance and the security established by the local government, San Francisco has been considered as one of the best places to invest. Its rapid growth and central governance of resources make it an attractiv e city for business people who put in efforts to meet the needs of the growing population; one is always sure of selling their goods and services and make profits. Because of the city’s ability to attract wealth from many corners of the land, San Francisco has a legacy of wealth; this has made California one of the greatest engines of the world’s economic growth (Brook, Carlson and Peters 8). This also has a disadvantage because it attracts people with all manners of expertise from positive to negative. San Francisco is one of the cities where one needs to be careful when dealing with strangers lest one finds themselves in the hands of gamblers or thieves. Conclusion San Francisco as one of the cities in California, has greatly established itself. Its establishment is based on the development of a strong economic foundation through many activities that are carried out in the city. The strong education system and the ability to attract many investors give San Francisco a chance to contribute to the world economy. Tourism as a major attraction point has been one of the greatest strengths in raising the largest share of country and global revenue, a position that gives San Francisco a plus over other cities in California. Due to the city’s ability to attract investors and different economic activities from around the world, San Francisco is considered a city where everything is available regardless of its small size as compared to other states around California. People have always been moving to San Francisco for a better life which is made possible through improved infrastructure which the city government had to put in place to take care of the growing population. This has made the city so famous, and it makes the city attractive to people from all over the world that have either heard about the city or have been to the city. Works Cited Bing, Alison and Channell Dominique. San Francisco. San Francisco, CA: Lonely Planet, 2008. Print. Brook James, Carlson Chris and Peters Nancy. Reclaiming San Francisco: History, Politics, and Culture. San Francisco, CA: City Lights books, 1998. Print. Divine, Caroline. â€Å"Education Policy in America; Education Policy in San Francisco.† Divine Caroline Articles, 2011. Web. San Francisco. â€Å"San Francisco Visitor Industry Statistics.† San Francisco Travel, 2011. Web. https://www.sftravel.com/. Sinclair, Mick. San Francisco. A culture and literary history. San Francisco, CA: Signal Books, 2004. Print. This research paper on San Francisco as a Center for Transportation, Cultural and Financial Activities was written and submitted by user Michael Tyson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Choose one case study and evaluate it from the perspective of the Behaviourist Approach. Provide strategies for intervention based only on this theory The WritePass Journal

Choose one case study and evaluate it from the perspective of the Behaviourist Approach. Provide strategies for intervention based only on this theory Abstract Choose one case study and evaluate it from the perspective of the Behaviourist Approach. Provide strategies for intervention based only on this theory . Porter, L. (2006). Behaviour in Schools: Theory and Practice for Teachers. Open University Press. ISBN-10: 0335220010. Premack, D. (1959). Empirical Behaviour Laws: Positive Reinforcement. Psychological Review. Vol. 66. Shirley, R. (2009). The Behaviourist Approach to Teaching in Class. Accessed: https://suite.io/rachel-shirley/1qz5268. Last Accessed 04/07/2014. Wheldall, K. Glynn, T. (1989). Effective Classroom Learning. Blackwell. Oxford. White, R. Renk, K. (2011). Externalizing Behaviour Problems during Adolescence: An Ecological Perspective. Springer Science and Business Media.

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Case Analysis - Essay Example These are perceived as the depictions that have seized them, altering their psychological composition into something damaging to their wellbeing, and yet, advanced by society. For instance, it appears to be slender is an objective to a large number of females, and as Susan Bordo indicates, it is the consequence of advertisements and a public representation of females sustaining a number of roles, including that of the sexually suppressed and that of server. Generally, Hunger as Ideology highlights her significant attempt to uncover, educate, and illustrate past and current behaviors, eating habits, and social influences on both males and females. This paper is a case analysis of Susan Bordo’s Hunger as Ideology. The paper will highlight my views in support of the ideas from the article. Also, the paper will make use of three evidences of advertising and several quotes from the article to support the ideas. Bordo asserts, â€Å"Mass imagery has an unprecedented power to instruct.† This means that the capacity to broaden influence to a mass produces expected outcomes, outcomes which recommend the correct way, the only way, which is usually the most widespread influenced way. She goes on to claim, â€Å"Women with their eating disorders bring photos of ultra-thin models to their therapists†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bordo 140). This is seen as the ideal explanation of mass produced views of ideology. The notion of utilizing magazine pictures of the ultra slim models as stimulators for contentment is the in thing, for example, the Fire and Ice advertisement which contained a questionnare aking women if they were made for Fire and Ice. In the part, Food and Love, the author illustrates how females display their affection for others by preparing dinner or baking for other people. For example, the use of the catchphrase â€Å"Nothing says ‘Cookie, I love you’ like Nestle’s Toll House Cookies Do.† is employed to emphasize this point (Bordo 159). Even though

Impact of Financial Meltdown on Luxury Fashion Goods Market Dissertation

Impact of Financial Meltdown on Luxury Fashion Goods Market - Dissertation Example . 17 4. Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17-18 4.1 Research Philosophy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18-19 4.2 Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19-20 4.3 Credibility and Verification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 20-21 5. Findings and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 5.1 Case Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 22-23 5.1.1 Global Recession and Luxury Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 5.1.2 Philip Rocou and his Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 25 5.2 Primary Research on Luxury Goods†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26.-32 5.3 Primary Research on Online Selling †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32-36 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 36-37 7. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 37-40 8. Annexure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 41-43 Contents of figures and tables Table 1 representing impact on employees 28 Table 2 representing impact on product 29 Table 3 representing Behavioral Pattern of customers 29 Table 4 representing organizational impact 29 Table 5 representing post-recession effect in customer 30 Table 6 Representing Response of brand during economic turndown 30 Table 7 representing post-recession strategy of o rganization 30 Fig 1 representing effect of financial crisis on organization 31 Fig 2 representing effect of financial crisis on employee 31 Fig 3 representing interest level of people towards luxury brand 34 Fig4 representing frequency of purchase of luxury brand 34 Fig 5 representing opinion regarding benefits of online selling 35 Fig 6 representing satisfaction level in online shopping 35 Fig 7 representing online shopping as manufacturing tool 36 1.... The paper tells that during the last decade, the international economy has witnessed inflation, recession and other serious economic hazards. It had raised serious concerns for the future of world economy. The developing countries of the world were most affected in the economic turmoil. This also had an impact on the global fashion commodity industry. To counter the effect the industry players used new demands and reformed the luxury goods industry. Study of the performance of the key player in the market like Philippe Rousseau reflects the impact of the economy on the market for the luxury goods. In order to revive the market various strategies were developed by the marketing teams. The latest use was that of the online tools for the promotion and selling of the products. A new concept of online selling emerged in the market and the companies dealing with luxury goods were fast to reap benefits out of it. The concept of ecommerce was also hugely appreciated by the customers and the popularity of many businesses was back on track. Before the economic downturn the consumers of the world had become more fashion conscious and they started showing their interest towards the fashion goods. People belonging from the high society of the economy had spent considerably over the luxury fashion goods. But a change in behavior was noticed significantly. The nature of the industry was a driving factor in determining the level of impact it had by the economic turndown. The choice of factors for bringing out the industries out of trouble also varied significantly and it depended a lot on the customer profile.

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation Research Paper - 1

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation - Research Paper Example Of all the reported rape cases in 2009, 93% were rapes of force (URC). Rape by fraud is a form of rape or sexual assault wherein the woman is made to believe that it is her husband whom she has sex with. Rape, as mentioned, is a woman’s the carnal knowledge in the absence of her consent and is obtained by threats, fraud, force, etc. The fraud here should be consist of certain strategies by which the woman is made to believe that the offender is her spouse (Lee v. State, 1902). Marital rape also referred to as intimate partner sexual assault, is one that is done or committed by the current or the past partner, whether boyfriend or spouse. It happens when there is forced intercourse within the marriage or the partnership. However, there are still many countries that do not consider marital rape as a crime. In the United States, for instance, rape is defined as sexual conduct forced on an individual other than a wife since the wife sexual consent is presumed. In acquaintance rape, the offender is usually somebody who the victim knows casually or by sights, such as a colleague or a neighbour. In date rape, the offender is somebody who the victim knows and who the victim has consented to spend time with. Somebody who commits acquaintance rape or date rape can make use of various tactics, such as seeing to it that she is isolated, locking the door, making promises of taking her home from an event or party but taking her someplace else instead; he may threaten the victim with public humiliation, telling her that he will tell their friends that they sexually romantic regardless of what might actually take place; he may pressure her emotionally, saying that if she doesn’t agree, he will leave her; or he may use economic pressure, saying that he deserves sexual intimacy because he paid for their dinner (Huff, 2009). According to Holmes (1991), sex offenders and rapists are likely to be young men below the age of 30 during the time of the assault.     

Application of Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory

Application of Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory By Manolis J. Manos and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis Report Feven Teclemichael Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory in Action: A New Ion-Exchange Material for Sequestering Heavy Metals The human body consists 75 percent of water, clean water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. However, today many people drink water that is far from being pure. Inorganic minerals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) are some of the powerful pollutants that make water unsuitable for human consumption and other living organisms. Over the years, a lot of effort has been gone into making drinking water as safe as possible by testing different methods to remove Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from polluted water Some of the traditional ways of removing the above mentioned heavy metal ions is using oxidic inorganic ion-exchange materials such as Zeolites, clays and carbon activated adsorbent. Although these materials can remove heavy metals, they have a low selectivity and weak bonding affinity for heavy metal ions. Sulfide minerals such as FeS2 also have a low selectivity for heavy metals due to their property of instability in natural environment (i.e. when exposed to air and water it gets oxidized). To overcome these problems novel sorbents such as resins, organoceramics and mesoporous silicates as well as the recently noted mesoporous carbon material with thiol groups has been developed. However, these materials only showed a high selectivity for Hg2+. Similarly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with humic acid also showed a reasonable but low selectivity for these soft heavy metals. On the other hand, unlike iron -based sulfides sulfide-based ion exchangers have a higher ability to remove heave metals ions regarding their functional group and surface property. This is due to their higher affinity of their soft basic framework for soft Lewis acids (e.g. Hg2+, Cd2+,Pb2+). One of sulfide-based material that has been found to be a high candidate for heavy metal ion remediation is K2xMnxSn3-xS6 (x=0.5-0.95) (KMS-1). K+ existing as +2, Mn as +4, Sn as +6 and S as -2 oxidation states. The layer structure of this material is built up by edge-sharing Mn/Sn S6 octahedral with Mn and Sn atoms occupying the same crystallographic position and all sulfur ligands being three-coordinated. K+ ions are found between the layers and are positionally disordered (Manos Kanatzidis, 2009). This material contains highly mobile K+ ions in their interlayer space that can easily be exchanged with other heavy cations (Manos Kanatzidis, 2009). KMS-1 is inorganic ion-exchanger that exhibits an excellent thermal, chemical and radiation stability in aqueous and atmospheric environments that can not be easily achieved with organic compounds. This material has previously been proved to be an excellent sorbent for strontium ions. Based on Manolis J. Manos and Mercoui G.Kanatzidis de tailed research this material has a extraordinary capacity to remove Hg2+ Pb2+, and Cd2+ very rapidly from water than any ever-known sorbent materials and has a high selectivity that allows their concentration to be reduced to well below the government allowed safe drinking levels under broad pH range (Manos Kanatzids, 2009). Based on this study this materials structure allows a rapid ion-exchange kinetics of the intercalated K+ ions with soft Lewis acids and binds to these soft heavy metal ions through a strong covalent interactions Metal-Sulfide framework of KMS-1. The experiment of ion-exchange is done by isolating a filtered polycrystalline material from the mixture of A(NO3)2.yH2O (0.07mmol) (A=Hg, Pb, Cd) with 20ml of water and a solid KMS-1 90.07mmol, 40mg). The filtrates were analyzed for their heavy metal content by using a coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data of the study has confirmed the removal of K+ ions as well as t he binding of the heavy metal ions. Two analyses were done to see how the interlayer spacing changed and to obtain information about the structural change after metal ion exchange material. These are the Power X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement and the Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. PXRD data of Hg2+ exchanged material showed a decrease in the interlayer distance after the ion exchange. It changed from 8.51 ºÃ‚ ® to 5.82 ºÃ‚ ® this is because of the smaller size of Hg2+ compared to K+ as well as due to the strong covalent bond formed between Hg-S. This analysis also revealed the presence of two layered phases. These layers existed with interlayer spacing of 8.81 ºÃ‚ ®-8.09 ºÃ‚ ®. This information was also found in the two hydrated Pb2+ species analysis. Alkaline earth ions have a great tendency to be hydrated and this results for the Pb2+ exchanged materials. The Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data for exchanged samples revealed the presence of 1-2 H2O molecu les per formula unit. The process of Cd2+ exchange was different than Hg2+ and Pb2+ processes. Hg2+ and Pb2+ exchanged only with K+ ions where as Cd+2 exchanged not only with k+ but with Mn2+ ions of the layers as well. The EDS data of KMS-1 showed no detection of Mn even using ICP Mn ion was not identified. The molar ratio of Cd2+: KMS-1 in the exchanged material was found to be ~2 with a formula of Cd1.8Sn2.1S6 and no sign of Mn2+ ion. Cd2+ exchange also yielded in a colour change from dark-brown to orange-red. The TGA data of Cd2+ exchanged material revealed the presence of partially hydrated Cd2+ cation ~1-1.5 water molecules per formula unit and the PXRD indicated the consistency of interlayer contraction ~2.2 ºÃ‚ ® relative to KMS-1 strong Cd-S bonding interactions in the interlayer space (Manos Kanatzidis, 2009). Solid state near infrared-ultraviolet-visible (NIR-UV-Vis) spectroscopic studies was important to examine the intercalation of metal ions in pristine KMS-1. The expected covalent interactions between the sulfur atoms and intercalated cations are KPb(exchanged)>Hg(exchanged). The Cd2+ exchanged material band gap energy was measured to be 1.96ev; this result is consistent with its colour change from dark brown to orange-red. To assess the Hg2+, Pb2+and Cd2+ removal capacity of KMS-1, ion-exchange equilibration studies is performed using the batch method which is done in a V: m ratio of 1000:1 at a room temperature of pH 5. The ICP-MS determined the initial and final concentrations of the heavy metal ions. In order to have enough metal ions to saturate the exchange sites of K2xMnxSn3-xS6 (x=0.95) (the molar ratio M2+/KMS-1 was ~1), the initial concentration of Hg2+ and Pb2+ was much higher than Cd2+ since they can decompose to HgS or PbS unlike Cd2+. The Hg2+ and Pb2+ ion-exchange equil ibrium data was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model expressed as , where q (mg/g) is the amount of the cation adsorbed at the equilibrium concentration Ce (ppm), qm is the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, and b (L/mg) is the Langmuir constant related to the free energy of the adsorption. The maximum ion-exchange capacity qm of KMS-1 (x=0.95) was determined to be 377 mg/g and 319 mg/g, respectively. The affinity for the metal ions can be expressed in terms of the distribution coefficient Kd value. Kd coefficient describes the sorption/desorption propensity of a compound for a material. For Hg2+ and Pb2+ the Kd values were found in the range 3.50*10^4-3.90*10^5 mL/g and 1.29*10^5-1.40*10^6 mL/g, respectively. The equilibrium exchange data of Cd2+ was fitted with the Freundlich model: q= KfCe(1/n), where Kf is the Freundlich constant. The maximum capacity was calculated by averaging Cd2+ uptake values that corresponds to the saturation of the exchange sites of KMS-1 an d it was found to be 329mg/g or 2.93mmol/g which is close to the theoretical value of 3.18mmol/g. The Kd value obtained for Cd2+ was 1.16 to 1.37*10^7mL/g which is larger compared to the initial concentration between 204.4 and 136.3ppm. The effect of pH on Hg2+ and Pb2+ adsorption was studied in the range of 2.6-9.4 and Cd2+ adsorption was tested in the pH range of 0-9, while taking into account that the pH of contaminated ground water and nuclear waste may vary in acidity. The Hg2+ ion exchange study of KMS-1 indicated a significant uptake at pH>4(Kd=1.1-1.3*10^4mL/g) compared to at pH~2.6 (2.3*10^5mL/g). For Pb2+ the maximum Kd value calculated for KMS-1 is at pH 3.7. The Kd value for Cd2+ revealed a remarkable affinity of KMS-1 under strong acidic condition (pH=0). For comparison, thiol-functionalized sorbents displays a loss of ~40-50% of their Cd2+ adsorption capacity at 3+ and Ca2+ was also examined for selectivity. The results showed a high selectivity for Hg2+ and Pb2+ even for Cd2+ since KMS-1 showed 86-88% removal of Cd2+ removal in the presence of 1M Na+ or Ca2+. Competitive-exchange Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ -Na+ experiment was performed in a very high or very low initial concentrations, these cations showed that KMS-1 has the ability of removing all 3 metal ions from solutions and shows a similar selectivity for solutions that contain a mixture of Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in low initial concentrations. In final concentrations of the metal ions were found to be well below the acceptable levels for drinking water (Manos Kanatzidis, 2009). To check how capable is KMS-1 to select heavy metal ions under realistic environment, it was tested with drinkable water that has a pH of 6.5 and was contaminated intentionally with high levels of Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ that has excess amount of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ than the heavy metal ions. The results showed that within 40 min KMS-1 lowered the concentration of Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ below their acceptable limits. A high absorption of heavy metal ions by KMS-1 was observed by sonicating them for 30-60min when the particle size of pristine samples was reduced to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤5 µm. This finding shows that pre-treated KMS-1 samples have a high ability to reduce the concentrations of heavy metal ions well below their acceptable levels after 2 min of solution/KMS-1 contact. These results prove that KMS-1 is highly capable of selecting and filtering contaminated waste water that contains traces of heavy metal ions. Mg-analogue of KMS-1 is developed to explain the concerns regarding Mn leaching (0.3-0.8% of the total manganese content at pH~5-8) during the use of KMS-1 to purify waste water. The analogue developed is denoted as KMS-2 (i.e. K2xMgxSn3-xS6 (x= 0.5-0.95)). The study indicated that KMS-1 and KMS-2 have not different capacity to purify heavy metal ions from water and have identical PXRD pattern. According to the study supporting information Mg2+ is non-toxic and a large level ppm of Mg2+ in water is acceptable. Since regeneration of exchanged materials is not possible under highly acidic environment of KMS-1 compounds, a test can be formulated to see if the exchanged materials can be considered as permanent waste forms without the need of secondary treatment. The study shows that first treatment results revealed no leaching of Pd2+ after its hydrothermal treatment at pH of ~7 or 4.8 for 24hrs. Similarly Hg2+ and Cd2+ only showed 0.05 and 0.09% of leaching, respectively. Whereas, the thermal treatment of Hg-laden samples for 60hrs at 450 °C showed 93% of leaching which is almost all the Hg2+ content has been regenerated. This process can be used to recover mercury element. This study showed the high efficiency of KMS-1 to absorb heavy metal ions and proved that it is one of the only materials that has a high capacity for Hg2+, Pb2+ at acidic condition (pH~3) and alkaline condition (pH~9), and highest for Cd2+ among all other state-of-the-art sorbents even at pHà ¢Ã¢â‚ ¬ °Ã‚ ¤0. However, thiol-functionalized mesoporous silicates resulted in a low absorption for Pb2+ at pH2 (layered sulfide) and thiol-functionalized sorbents is compared, KMS-1 has the highest because it is stable in water and atmosphere, on the other hand LiMoS2 and thiol-functionalized have less absorption capacity because they have instability nature under aerobic conditions. KMS-1 is a sulfide layered metal that exhibits a high capacity and highly specific ion-exchanger for the removal of soft heavy metals by replacing K+ in between the metal sulfide layers of KMS-1. The driving force for heavy metal ion-exchange is the strong heavy metal ion-sulfur bonds in addition to the facile ion diffusion and access of all internal surfaces of layered metal sulfides. It is a low-cost promising material that can be used to purify waste water by reducing the concentration toxic heavy metal ion (i.e. Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) well below acceptable limits for drinking water. HSAB theory elaborates that soft acids prefer bonding with soft bases, and the adduct of the result tends to form a covalent bond. Equivalently hard acids prefer bonding with hard bases, and their adducts form a stronger bond called ionic interactions (electrostatics attraction). This study provides a practical application of HSAB theory concepts. It proved that HSAB theory can be useful to identify compounds that can potentially be used in predicting toxicant-target interactions and the bonding mode can be determined using the principle. The main purpose of the study was to explore or discover a material that can reduce or remove major water pollutants such as Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+.This study experiment reported a sulfide layered metal material that can rapidly remove toxic heavy metals from water called KMS-1. As per HSAB rule sulfur is considered to be a much softer base element therefore it prefers to bond with soft acid (e.g. Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+).

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers

Question #3: Duddy hides his insecurities from himself and others. He is afraid to ask his father if his mother had liked him. What does this reveal about Duddy? Why do we often hide our fears? Two thousand years ago, Jesus had said,"Man does not live by bread alone." This is true, for other than physiological needs, man also has other basic necessities. As outlined in an article written by Professor A. H. Maslow called "A Theory of Human Motivation", these basic necessities include a person’s desire for security, love, esteem and self-actualization. Thus, when Duddy hides his fears from others and himself, he is only pursuing a sense of safety, which is one of the human fundamental needs. A person’s self-projected image is very important. We often hide our own fears because we do not want to acknowledge our dreads. We are afraid that if we show our dreads, our images as great persons will be ruined. People want to feel important, significant and superior; people do not want to feel inferior, subordinate and insignificant. We are afraid that if we concede our fears, others will dismiss us as unimportant. This is even more true for an ambitious young man like Duddy. He springs from humble beginnings, but clearly, he is very eager to become a successful and powerful man. "...his bony cheeks were criss-crossed with scratches as he shaved twice daily in his attempt to encourage a beard." This clearly indicates to the readers that Duddy wants and tries to be someone that he is not. He wants himself and others to think that he is of great significance. The fact that his friends, family and others reject him make his self-projected image even more preponderan t. He must convince himself and others that he is a very important figure and he does this by denying his insecurities. Duddy is not a very well-liked figure in the novel. He arouses readers’ sympathy because his family and friends do not appreciate him. There is much evidence of this throughout the novel. Perhaps the best illustration of this is when Duddy returns from St. Agathe with six expensive sport shirts for Max as a gift, but only to find out that his father is not interested in the gift. Duddy is not loved in his family, yet he needs love desperately. Since his father, uncle and brother do not love him, his desire for love is projected onto his dead mother. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers Question #3: Duddy hides his insecurities from himself and others. He is afraid to ask his father if his mother had liked him. What does this reveal about Duddy? Why do we often hide our fears? Two thousand years ago, Jesus had said,"Man does not live by bread alone." This is true, for other than physiological needs, man also has other basic necessities. As outlined in an article written by Professor A. H. Maslow called "A Theory of Human Motivation", these basic necessities include a person’s desire for security, love, esteem and self-actualization. Thus, when Duddy hides his fears from others and himself, he is only pursuing a sense of safety, which is one of the human fundamental needs. A person’s self-projected image is very important. We often hide our own fears because we do not want to acknowledge our dreads. We are afraid that if we show our dreads, our images as great persons will be ruined. People want to feel important, significant and superior; people do not want to feel inferior, subordinate and insignificant. We are afraid that if we concede our fears, others will dismiss us as unimportant. This is even more true for an ambitious young man like Duddy. He springs from humble beginnings, but clearly, he is very eager to become a successful and powerful man. "...his bony cheeks were criss-crossed with scratches as he shaved twice daily in his attempt to encourage a beard." This clearly indicates to the readers that Duddy wants and tries to be someone that he is not. He wants himself and others to think that he is of great significance. The fact that his friends, family and others reject him make his self-projected image even more preponderan t. He must convince himself and others that he is a very important figure and he does this by denying his insecurities. Duddy is not a very well-liked figure in the novel. He arouses readers’ sympathy because his family and friends do not appreciate him. There is much evidence of this throughout the novel. Perhaps the best illustration of this is when Duddy returns from St. Agathe with six expensive sport shirts for Max as a gift, but only to find out that his father is not interested in the gift. Duddy is not loved in his family, yet he needs love desperately. Since his father, uncle and brother do not love him, his desire for love is projected onto his dead mother.

A Good Man Is Hard to Find.

Fiction Essay Nobel Prize winner William Faulkner said that a writer must â€Å"leave no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking with any story is ephemeral and doomed- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. † Flannery O’Connor uses these universal truths in her short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find. An old southern woman trying to come to terms with the new culture of the south dooms her family by unknowingly leading them to come face to face with a notorious criminal called â€Å"The Misfit†.O’Connor pushes her characters to the edge using violence so that they may find grace. In the story, there is a human versus human conflict. The grandmother constantly compares her two grandchildren with the way things used to be in her time. The grandmother says, â€Å"In my time, children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything e lse. † (O’Connor 119). The grandchildren are terribly rude and are always speaking everything that is on their minds without a filter. There is also a human versus environment/society conflict.The grandmother comes from a time where slavery still existed, or, the Old South. She was brought up differently than her grandchildren who represent the New South. Viewing the relationship between the grandmother and the grandchildren, it appears that the cultures of the Old South and New South are polar opposites. This brand new generation has different values due to the changes that were happening in history. Within this story there is another human versus human conflict between the family and the Misfit.When the grandmother recognizes The Misfit and shouts it out, she instantly dooms her family. As The Misfit orders the father and son to be killed first the grandmother tries to reason with him in order to spare her life. Desperately she says, â€Å"I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! † (O’Connor 127). Surprisingly enough, the grandmother does not seem to be interested in saving the family from this impending doom. She is only interested in saving herself and that is her motivation for trying to reason ith The Misfit. Only during the last moments of her life does she begin to shout out for her son. The story ends tragically because the whole family is murdered. The grandmother realized that her generation was the reason why The Misfit existed calling him â€Å"one of my own children† (O’Connor 132). This goes back to the culture of the Old South, which bred the next generation of the New South. The grandmother realizes that the reason why this new culture is so different is because the Old South created it, old southern values were no longer respected.When The Misfit shoots the grandmother she â€Å"half sat and half lay in a puddle of blood with her legs crossed under her like a child’s and her face smiling up at the cloudless sky. † (O’Connor 132). In these moments after her death O’Connor gave her grace. Even though she has been brutally murdered she has been given this peace as she looks up into the sky. In this story, Flannery O’Connor pushed her characters to the edge by using extreme violence. In â€Å"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable,† O’Connor explains her reasons for doing this.O’Connor writes, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to accept their moment of grace. † (O’Connor 1048). The grandmother’s violent murder gave her grace and clarity. O’Connor also shows us that there are humans that fear only for themselves and not others and that sometimes tragedy happens even though it is not fair. But another thing O’Connor shows us is that just like how tragedy happens, grace is also given to those who do not deserve it. A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Fiction Essay Nobel Prize winner William Faulkner said that a writer must â€Å"leave no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking with any story is ephemeral and doomed- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. † Flannery O’Connor uses these universal truths in her short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find. An old southern woman trying to come to terms with the new culture of the south dooms her family by unknowingly leading them to come face to face with a notorious criminal called â€Å"The Misfit†.O’Connor pushes her characters to the edge using violence so that they may find grace. In the story, there is a human versus human conflict. The grandmother constantly compares her two grandchildren with the way things used to be in her time. The grandmother says, â€Å"In my time, children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything e lse. † (O’Connor 119). The grandchildren are terribly rude and are always speaking everything that is on their minds without a filter. There is also a human versus environment/society conflict.The grandmother comes from a time where slavery still existed, or, the Old South. She was brought up differently than her grandchildren who represent the New South. Viewing the relationship between the grandmother and the grandchildren, it appears that the cultures of the Old South and New South are polar opposites. This brand new generation has different values due to the changes that were happening in history. Within this story there is another human versus human conflict between the family and the Misfit.When the grandmother recognizes The Misfit and shouts it out, she instantly dooms her family. As The Misfit orders the father and son to be killed first the grandmother tries to reason with him in order to spare her life. Desperately she says, â€Å"I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! † (O’Connor 127). Surprisingly enough, the grandmother does not seem to be interested in saving the family from this impending doom. She is only interested in saving herself and that is her motivation for trying to reason ith The Misfit. Only during the last moments of her life does she begin to shout out for her son. The story ends tragically because the whole family is murdered. The grandmother realized that her generation was the reason why The Misfit existed calling him â€Å"one of my own children† (O’Connor 132). This goes back to the culture of the Old South, which bred the next generation of the New South. The grandmother realizes that the reason why this new culture is so different is because the Old South created it, old southern values were no longer respected.When The Misfit shoots the grandmother she â€Å"half sat and half lay in a puddle of blood with her legs crossed under her like a child’s and her face smiling up at the cloudless sky. † (O’Connor 132). In these moments after her death O’Connor gave her grace. Even though she has been brutally murdered she has been given this peace as she looks up into the sky. In this story, Flannery O’Connor pushed her characters to the edge by using extreme violence. In â€Å"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable,† O’Connor explains her reasons for doing this.O’Connor writes, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to accept their moment of grace. † (O’Connor 1048). The grandmother’s violent murder gave her grace and clarity. O’Connor also shows us that there are humans that fear only for themselves and not others and that sometimes tragedy happens even though it is not fair. But another thing O’Connor shows us is that just like how tragedy happens, grace is also given to those who do not deserve it. A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Fiction Essay Nobel Prize winner William Faulkner said that a writer must â€Å"leave no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking with any story is ephemeral and doomed- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. † Flannery O’Connor uses these universal truths in her short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find. An old southern woman trying to come to terms with the new culture of the south dooms her family by unknowingly leading them to come face to face with a notorious criminal called â€Å"The Misfit†.O’Connor pushes her characters to the edge using violence so that they may find grace. In the story, there is a human versus human conflict. The grandmother constantly compares her two grandchildren with the way things used to be in her time. The grandmother says, â€Å"In my time, children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything e lse. † (O’Connor 119). The grandchildren are terribly rude and are always speaking everything that is on their minds without a filter. There is also a human versus environment/society conflict.The grandmother comes from a time where slavery still existed, or, the Old South. She was brought up differently than her grandchildren who represent the New South. Viewing the relationship between the grandmother and the grandchildren, it appears that the cultures of the Old South and New South are polar opposites. This brand new generation has different values due to the changes that were happening in history. Within this story there is another human versus human conflict between the family and the Misfit.When the grandmother recognizes The Misfit and shouts it out, she instantly dooms her family. As The Misfit orders the father and son to be killed first the grandmother tries to reason with him in order to spare her life. Desperately she says, â€Å"I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! † (O’Connor 127). Surprisingly enough, the grandmother does not seem to be interested in saving the family from this impending doom. She is only interested in saving herself and that is her motivation for trying to reason ith The Misfit. Only during the last moments of her life does she begin to shout out for her son. The story ends tragically because the whole family is murdered. The grandmother realized that her generation was the reason why The Misfit existed calling him â€Å"one of my own children† (O’Connor 132). This goes back to the culture of the Old South, which bred the next generation of the New South. The grandmother realizes that the reason why this new culture is so different is because the Old South created it, old southern values were no longer respected.When The Misfit shoots the grandmother she â€Å"half sat and half lay in a puddle of blood with her legs crossed under her like a child’s and her face smiling up at the cloudless sky. † (O’Connor 132). In these moments after her death O’Connor gave her grace. Even though she has been brutally murdered she has been given this peace as she looks up into the sky. In this story, Flannery O’Connor pushed her characters to the edge by using extreme violence. In â€Å"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable,† O’Connor explains her reasons for doing this.O’Connor writes, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to accept their moment of grace. † (O’Connor 1048). The grandmother’s violent murder gave her grace and clarity. O’Connor also shows us that there are humans that fear only for themselves and not others and that sometimes tragedy happens even though it is not fair. But another thing O’Connor shows us is that just like how tragedy happens, grace is also given to those who do not deserve it.

Motivation and Organisational Behavior

What is motivation? Motivation is define as the stimulus that drives, direct and maintaining the human behavior to reach goals (Wood et al. , 2006). In the context of workplace, motivation will be the one that drive the employee to perform and give more effort to contribute in the company or organization growth. Hence, it is crucial that manager keeps their employee or workers motivated. In this essay, one out of four content theories and one out of two process theory will be defined out and compared out. There are 2 types of motivation theory: Content and process theory. While content theory looks to factors within the individual and attempt to answer most of the â€Å"what† question in the context of motivation, process theory emphasize more on â€Å"how† does someone gets motivated. (Vincent Gabriel, 2003). A few theorists that have contributed to the few famous theories are Maslow, Herzberg, Atkinson, and McClelland (Vincent Gabriel, 2003). In theory, there is a continuous relationship between need (drive), tension, action and satisfaction (Reduction of drive). But in reality, it might be more complex than just those 4 actions. These are because: People’s needs are changing over time, and how people react to failure plays a part too. For example a failure to someone will demoralize him, and yet it might push another person to strive for to be better. Hence, their varying needs translated into varying actions of each individual. (Vincent Gabriel, 2003). One of the famous theories in terms of motivation is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory. In this theory, Abraham Maslow defined out human needs in 5 steps, with each lower step must be satisfied or fulfilled before advancing to the further steps. He identify higher order needs, such as self esteem and self actualization and lower order needs such as social, safety and physiological needs (wood et al, 2006). Maslow rank these needs up by assuming which needs are more important, hence the need to satisfy it before other needs can serve as motivators. (Wood et all, 2006). According to Maslow himself, once the lower needs have been satisfied, it will not serve as the motivator anymore (Udechukwu, 2009). For example, for a normal human, the most basic needs include food, water and a place to live. Once this eeds have been fulfilled, he will then move on to the next hierarchy: safety. To put it in rough term, he will then want to be able to continue to eat and drink, hence he will find a job and a source of income to do so. Once that is satisfied too, and then he will be able to move on to the next level, so on and so forth. Hence, as you can see, a person will continue to climb the â€Å"pyramid† until he reaches the top of the scale: self actualization. From here onward, he then will think on how to expand himself further, and start fulfilling other aspect of needs. As what have written previously, while content theory like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains out on what are the factors that motivate people, there’s process theory that explain on how does the motivator motivate people, or even, whether is the motivator effective or rather counter-productive instead? In this essay, for the process theory, we are going to look at Adam’s equity theory. Equity theory suggests that employee must develop a sense of fairness after comparing themselves against their peer or others. Huseman et al suggest that there are three types of individuals (Shore, 2004). They are: ‘Benevolents’, who are described as â€Å"giver†, who prefer to have given more input than output. There’s also ‘Entitleds’, who are the â€Å"getter†, who on the contrary to the â€Å"giver†, will feel discontent and unfair when their input is larger than their output, and finally, the third type of individual is the one that what Huseman called Equity Sensitives, who will adhere to the old equity theory and will just stick with the balance of input and output (Shore, 2004). With all the individuals defined, Equity theorist starts to predict that benevolent, entitled, and equity sensitives will respond differently to fairness in workplace. For example, benevolent (giver) will feel more satisfied when they feel that they are under-rewarded than when they were over-rewarded. On the contrary, Entitleds (taker), will feel unsatisfied when they were under-rewarded. On a field study done by Huseman, what have been found out about these 3 individuals is that, indeed that both entitleds and equity sensitives are behaving like what was predicted, but on the contrary of the expectation, enevolents do get more satisfied when they were over-reward (Shore, 2004). This strange phenomenon happened too on other studies by King et al (1993), Alien and White(2002), and also Sauley and Bedeian(2000). Even though all those studies have their own limitation, we can safely conclude that the benevolents are the most tolerant to the under-reward and also more satisfied than the other 2 types of individuals (Shore, 2004). To compare and contrast both the content and process theory mentioned above, we can rather say that they both must be practiced in the workplace instead of only choosing either one. As what have been mentioned earlier on, the content theory is only explain out the â€Å"what† factor of a human motivator. For this, Maslow basically theorized based on what does one needs that haven’t been fulfilled and arranging them up in a hierarchy order (Harris et al, 1993). Whereas process theory will be dwelling on the nature on how or what problem does human see and perceived and whether it will motivate them. To put it simply, what have been explained above about equity theory is that even with a reward, it may affect different individuals differently. Before we look into how a job design actually helps in motivating an employee in a company, let’s take a look on what actually is a job design and what are some of the characteristic first. A job design is basically a planning and specification of a job task so that the job are done like how we want it to be (Wood et al, 2006). Under the job design itself, there are four major areas that we will want to cover later on. Those four are: job simplification, job enlargement, job rotation, and job enrichment. To explain these four aspects better, let us examine a short and simple case of a pirate ship (Rao, 2010). In a pirate ship, there are a lot of jobs involved. It can be as small as normal pirate crew, to the extent until the captain of the ships. Different job have different scopes that need to be fulfilled. Now if we were to design a job in this ship, how will we be able to design it up then? A group of people in MBA have actually grouped them up into two categories: the star tasks and the guardian tasks. The star tasks job scope include target identification, command in the battle until the negotiation for alliance between fleet. Whereas, the guardian task job is rather more operational, such as allocating crews, solving conflicts, executing punishment, distributing loot evenly until the role of medic (Rao, 2010). The question is, is it really efficient then, to lump all those tasks into two groups only? Well, the answer is most probably quite obvious: No. In such setting of the pirate ship, it will be rather hard for one individuals to be able to have the skills to be the Great Star or Great guardian, since both of them require a totally different set of skills. What will happen is that with this kind of job design, it will discourage a crew member to apply for the position of the star or guardian position. In this case, we will want to use job simplification to analyze and solve this issue. Job simplification is meant to make someone excel in a job(wood et al, 2006), for example, a crew member of the ship will be task to do a specific job only (eg. Negotiating with other fleet). In the long term, the crew member will get better and better in that area of job. The strength of this job design approach, however, is its biggest weakness also. This is because, since that the job have been simplified, the crew member will get bored doing it again and again for so many years already. This is when we will want to other approach such as job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation. Job enlargement involves combining two or more skills that were assigned to separate workers previously (Wood et al, 2006). The only difference between this and the job simplification is that now the worker are responsible over different areas and also have more jobs to do (eg. Negotiator can also be tasked to manage the navigation). The other approach that involves equipping the crew or worker with more skills is job rotation. This approach can be defined as working different tasks or in different position for a set of time (Kaymaz, 2010). This approach focus more on the flexibility of the worker, decreasing the monotony, supporting career development, enabling high level of adaptation, and also to decrease stress (Kaymaz, 2010). With all those advantage, the most obvious disadvantage will most probably that the crew or worker will spend too much time to adapt and learn different sets of skills. Last but not least is the job enrichment approach. This involves in adding responsibility to the worker, making their job is more in depth. (wood et al, 2006). With all those job design approach been defined out, it will then enable us to combine and come up with a set of approach that we can use so that our employee are motivated. An appropriate job design can always motivate the employee up if we identify out, each and every single needs of an employee. A new employee that recently joined the company will most probably want to fulfill his physiological needs; hence he will want to have the appropriate salary. If his performance is good most of the time, and the company wants to retain him, the company must takes in the account on whether he is â€Å"benevolents† type or the â€Å"entitleds† type to measure the tolerance level on deciding his pay. Once all of those approach has been made, company must also keep close look on the employee, so that they can react fast to apply other approach such as job enlargement or even to the extent of job enrichment and empowerment if the employees begun to show signals that they are not motivated anymore. And now, we have covered the content theory of Maslow, the Adam’s Equity theory for the process theory in the context of motivation theory, and we also have covered job design approach and how to apply it in the company and organization. Hence it will be pretty obvious, that to motivate people, we will want to know what’s the key motivator is the person, whether he will be motivated with the changes that have been made and also how can the company change to motivate him better.

Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essays

Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essays Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essay Analysis of Personality Type Essay Essay My overall personality has it strengths and failings. I believe we all have our ruins. I’ve been told I’m truly surpassing. Goofy. loving. amusing. kindhearted. intelligent. but besides really helpful. I’ve besides been described as quiet. and really diffident. This can be good and bad in a figure of ways for a figure of grounds. Put all of this along with my vark type. and SDS study and you have one interesting individual. When it comes to being surpassing there is a clip and a topographic point. It’s O.K. to be surpassing but non in certain scenes like in a schoolroom in the center of a talk where everyone should be quiet. yet attentive. Equally far as being Goofy all the clip. gives me the chance to elate others in ways that I neer thought was possible. Simply talking to person and doing them laugh can alter a individual twenty-four hours drastically ; good that’s what my friends ever say. They could travel from holding an all right twenty-four hours to a great twenty-four hours from a simple hullo. a smiling. and a small gag from clip to clip. I’ve been told laughter is the key to life and we’d all be bitter without it so I try to maintain people around me express joying. Bing amusing comes natural and I’ve been told I have that â€Å"natural touch. † Making person laugh can lighten up any dull minute and alteration someone’s twenty-four hours merely every bit good as speech production to them. I love to laugh and I besides try to maintain people express joying because it’s merely something I enjoy making. At times I don’t even seek to be amusing and I still accomplished this end without even seeking. I can be really kindhearted when I choose to. For illustration I have a love for assisting people so I am highly sort when it comes to person desiring my aid. It makes me experience like I have done like a good title. . I’ll reasonably much aid with anything every bit long as it doesn’t harm me or them in any manner. I’m besides really intelligent. I can speak and educate person who is unfamiliar with merely about any topic. including. mathematics. and even English. These are merely a few of my strengths which bring out good and bad features of my personality. Equally far as seting all of this with my VARK. and SDS studies I think I am one interesting individual. In the VARK study I am more of a kinaesthetic and so a ocular scholar. In some instances that could be a good thing and a bad thing. The good thing about that is I can thing is when I give presentations ; I can truly do it come alive. Alternatively of merely composing all of these deadening words down I would set a batch of images and colourss on at that place. and convey it together in a manner where it catches your oculus to do you desire to pay attending. But. in some instances it could be bad because what if my foreman doesn’t like the whole image thought because he or she is a different type of scholar. Well our personalities could collide. When it comes to the SDS study I am an ECS which means I am enterprising. conventional and really societal. Enterprising means that I am a type of individual that likes to carry or direct others. really adventuresome. agreeable. and ambitious. Conventional means that I am follow orderly modus operandis and run into clear criterions. and I am besides really careful and efficient obedient. and orderly. Last but non rent I am really societal. intending I like to assist. learn. advocate people. really friendly. concerted generous and sensible. I have a few distractions and failings when it comes to my personality but I plan to work on them on a day-to-day footing. As of now. my strengths out manner my failings so I don’t have much to worry approximately. I’ll focal point chiefly on my strengths but besides put a certain sum of attempt towards bettering my failings. Career Profile Out of the full calling I have looked at. I think I would wish to travel in to the concern field. Not merely any concern. CEO. or an entrepreneur type thing. Knowing that I like to cook I will integrate that into my calling pick excessively. A CEO ( Chief Executive officer ) is a rubric of a individual who holds the highest place in a company. A Chief executive officer is really individualised depending upon the size of the company. and of class they have to hold the right instruction. To be a CEO you have to hold a MBA. which requires a 4 twelvemonth undergraduate grade. and some of a alumnus surveies as good. If I where to travel to rate school at Michigan State it would be about 39. 896 for an out of province pupil. I would hold to hold a GPA demand of 3. 4-3. 8. and it takes about 4 old ages to complete. Because I live in Texas I would hold to relocate myself to Michigan. To acquire into grad school you have to take the GMAT. The GMAT trial doesn’t trial you on cognition in concern or other topics. it is a mental intelligence examiner. and to see how good you can do a determination under force per unit area. Most grad schools look at your college classs and GPA. but they truly pay attending to your GMAT. It is truly of import. Next is an enterpriser. An enterpriser is a individual who organizes and manages a concern set abouting presuming the hazard for the interest of net income. Besides they see chance. and take it to construct a program. Get down his or her concern to pull off and have net income. Be an enterpriser it is a good thought to take the same path as a CEO. that manner your instruction is much higher than some of the other concern proprietors. and might be more successful. Last but non least is my love for cooking. I truly want to travel into that field every bit good largely the concern side of it any manner. To travel into any of having any type of nutrient industry. it is merely just that you go to culinary school. so that you know how to cook for one. and how to run your ain nutrient concern. If I where to travel to a culinary school I would pick La Cordon Bleu. For one they teach you all the culinary techniques you need to cognize. and they besides teach you how to run and work in the nutrient industry. To go to La Cordon Bleu Its cost about $ 37. 500 to acquire a BA in Culinary Arts and Baking $ Pastry. and its takes about 14 months or a twelvemonth and 2 months to acquire your grade. If you put all three of these together you have some one that is an Chief executive officer of a Food company or a eating house concatenation. and person who can non merely run a concern but cook in it excessively. To come in my field of pick I am looking at about $ 80. 000 and that’s merely instruction entirely. If I add the resettlement and lodging and nutrient added on with the instruction. th at is about $ 100. 000. Once I start working that is a different narrative. A Chief executive officer starts out at approximately $ 366. 551. and at the most could do up to $ 1. 117. 442. On norm a Chief executive officer makes about $ 704. 731. A Chief executive officer works approximately 50 to 60 hours a hebdomad. Its expressions like I am traveling to be really busy. A chef starts off a 45. 000 a twelvemonth and could do up to $ 96. 000. and on norm they make about 75. 000 a twelvemonth. A chef works about 35-45 hours a hebdomad. and if you are a CEO or the proprietor of that peculiar eating house I likely would be working twice those hours. I’m looking at a really clip devouring life. In some field there is a small. or a large thing called benefits. If you are a CEO you get Great benefits. I’m speaking insurance for everything. alveolar consonant. oculus physician. regular physician. and anything else you can acquire covered in they fundamentally covered. When you are a CEO of anything there is a 70 % travel rate. so you will ever be on th e spell to a new topographic point. An mean working day is about 12-16 hours. Besides to be a CEO you have to cognize staff development and leading methods. because it is a demand. To be a chef you have some benefits. but if you are a chef and a Chief executive officer it truly doesn’t affair what your benefits are for being a chef. because you are reasonably much covered in CEO portion. The chef travel rate is about 20-40 % and your work about 4 twenty-four hours a hebdomad and about 8-10 hours a twenty-four hours. Some demand to be a chef you have to hold Pastry and cookery manners and techniques. and some baking methods. Besides you have to be physically fit and have to cognize how to work in 3-4 star eating houses. Bing in this Fieldss or Fieldss. it is traveling to necessitate a batch of work and clip from me. but I know if I merely remain focus and remain on top of my game. I can make it. And if I see that I might fall. good there is ever a pick of holding a assisting manus. possibly like a partnership on the concern side merely to take some of the burden off of my shoulders. Entering this field I know I want to do certain that this is truly what I want to make. So I asked 2 people if they would wish to portion some of their tips on how they made it through school. and how long did it take them to acquire at that place. Now I truly wasn’t able to interview aliens. so I interviewed some people that I already knew. The first individual was my concern professor. Dr. McNeil. He has the highest grade in concern. but he isn’t the Chief executive officer of anything. but he did state me how to last in concern school. What I learned from him is that you have to travel into school know that there are a batch of people that you are viing against. There are people from all over the universe that are seeking to do it in the concern industry. but you can’t allow that strike hard you down. He told me when he was in concern school it was really difficult to acquire interviews. because it was ever that one individual that was better than him. But he said that didn’t stop him. He merely knew that he had to work harder and smarter. When he went to Career carnivals and tried to look for occupations. he didn’t merely give his sketch out nor merely give his concern card out. He sold himself and his personality to the other concern proprietors and CEOs to acquire occupations and internship for more instruction in his field. Once he changed how he approached the people and how he talked to the people. he saw that more and more people where inquiring him to work for their companies. The other individual I interviewed was my Culinary Teacher signifier high school. Mr. Chef Brown. He is so in the eating house concern. and I thought he would be the perfect individual to state me how to acquire at that place. He is a instructor and has a catering concern on the side. My culinary instructor was right where I was in some old ages ago. in college and non certain what he wanted to make. He decided to travel to culinary school. because he liked nutrient. At first he wasn’t believing about having his ain eating house. He was at that place because he knew he was traveling to acquire to eat what he cooked. Talk about traveling in with the incorrect province of head. Once he was a twelvemonth into his culinary college he noticed that he was larning manner more than he expected to wish larning all types of manners of cooking methods. and larning how to run and have his ain concern. That was an oculus opener for him. It gave him an thought on what he wanted to make when he got out of school. What I got from his interview was when you traveling to take your calling. don’t merely travel in at that place because you like what they do. Travel in at that place cognizing what you are traveling to acquire out of and it and cognizing what you are traveling to make when you are done. He points was besides similar to my concern professor. there is ever traveling to be person better than you. So work difficult and smart. but largely work smarter. and when you traveling to school cognize what you want to acquire out of it. Rearward Goal Setting When you are seeking to acquire something accomplished you have to hold a program. or certain ends you want to run into. To be an CEO. acquire into entrepreneurship. or chef I have to hold a program. and I have to get down now. Get downing with my far far manner program. and that is to have my ain concern and be successful. To have my ain concern I have to travel to concern school. and because of the type of concern I want to have. I have to travel to culinary school. Which leads me to my following end. the far off end. and that is traveling to La Cordon blue cheese for the survey of Culinary Arts and Baking a Pastry. My following end is the 1 that is in distance. and that is traveling to grad school. It’s traveling to take some difficult work to acquire at that place. But. to acquire at that place I have to work on my end that is down at that place street which is completing college. Some people don’t even make it through their first-year twelvemonth of college. But I am traveling to do it my end to acquire through my first-year twelvemonth. and non merely do through. I want to complete off with a 3. 5 GPA. The lone manner I will be able to make these ends is I have to do them credible to myself. Get downing with my on the couch end. completing my first-year twelvemonth with a 3. 5 GPA. To do it realistic I truly want to hit for a 4. 0 GPA but I know that isn’t possible coming from a 2. 8 GPA. but I will still maintain it in the dorsum of my caput for motive. because I desire to acquire a 4. 0. Now cognizing that this is where I want to be. I am traveling to hold to come up with a program to acquire to my on the couch end. and be able to do it to my far far off end. I have to do it come to world. This semester I want to complete my first-year twelvemonth off with a knock. by conveying my 2. 8 up to a 3. 5. I know I have to ever travel to category. survey. and seek to go through trial and quizzes. and merely truly set attempt in to all 7 categories that I have all this semester. I will necessitate books. a computing machine. and a bible to assist me acquire through this. because I know it will be a tough thing to make. If I put my head to it I know I can make it. I don’t truly think I would necessitate money ; it’s all about seting forth some attempt. My wagess would be that I would go eligible to look for internships to assist me acquire some pattern in my field that I want to travel into. I besides can use for scholarships to assist pay for the remainder of my manner in college. If I start now. and get down analyzing every dark signifier 9-11pm and do certain that I get adequate remainder. I will do to my on the couch end and my far far off end. MentionsEllis-Christensen. Tricia. and O. Wallace. â€Å"What Is a Chief executive officer? † WiseGeek. Speculation. Web. 09 Mar. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-ceo. htm gt ; . Diploma. P. ( 2010 ) . What sort of Degree Do You Necessitate to Be a CEO? Retrieved from Phony Diploma: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phonydiploma. com/what-kind-of-degree-do-you-need-to-be-a-ceo. aspx Oklahoma. T. U. ( n. d. ) . The OU Price of College of Business. Retrieved Feb 24. 2012. from OU. EDU: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ou. edu/content/price/mba/mba_fulltime. html School. C. B. ( 2011 ) . GMAT ( Graduate Mangament Admission Test ) . Retrieved from GMATCAT. COM: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gmatcat. com/GMAT. hypertext markup language â€Å"SBA Direct. † What Is an Entrepreneur? Web. 09 Mar. 2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Small Business Administration. gov/content/what-entrepreneur gt ; .

Is US foreign policy driven by oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Is US foreign policy driven by oil - Essay Example The U.S. foreign policy is thus energy driven and security driven and these factors are integrated to exhibit the American dominance over the world (Bromley, S 2005 p.225 - 227). ‘Blood for oil’ is the term coined by social and political analysts to explain the overt actions of the United States to secure the oil fields in the Middle East. Michael Klare critises the national security policy of United States in Blood and oil. The author argues that the military and foreign policy of US has been driven by the need to ensure a safe method to source foreign oil specifically from the Middle East. Dependence on oil from foreign sources is continuously gowing and the US forces are deemed to fight to secure oil producing nations and supply routes. It is further argued that even if the United States diversifies its foreign oil supply sources, there is very less probability that the dependence on Gulf oil would reduce and the diversifiication of sources may increase the probablities of American involvement in conflict in other parts of the world. In the race to secure major shares of oil from other competitive nations, the U.S. is also highly probable to engage in war with China and Russia. Klare concludes by suggesting methods to reduce the costs involved for oil dependence that comes in the way of war and disharmony. The alternative methods suggested include a better national energy strategy of integrity and autonomy that detaches its method to secure energy from security obligations to governments abroad, reduction of oil consumption and to speed up methods to develop alternative energy sources. In short, Klare critices the foreign policy of U.S. that brings in consequences that are much underappreciated (Klare,M 2004). The national interest of United States is to remove any encumbrances or obstacles that obstruct the Americans in their pursuit for a better living and happiness. In

Ethics in Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics in Business - Research Paper Example One of the most important qualities a business leader must have to remain ethical is the ability to maintain divided and often contradictory loyalties. When thought about most basically, a business leader is often a middle person between two other groups who have mutually opposing desires: board members who would like maximization of profits, and employees who want to maximize their own value for work. If imagined in the utmost simplicity, shareholders would prefer that all work be done for free so long as the quality remains sufficient, and employees would all prefer that they get paid for nothing, and these are incompatible goals. One of the fundamental problems for a business leader is how to treat both of these groups ethically. Many business leaders have a fiduciary responsibility to stockholders to maximize their profits while also having an ethical, legal, and often business interest in keeping the workforce happy and healthy.There have been several suggested solutions to thes e problems, which would allow a business leader to think of these competing interests as part of the same goal. Amongst the most prominent of these is stakeholder theory. This theory essentially states that many of these conflicts can be dealt with theoretically by imagining everyone involved as being â€Å"stakeholders,† whose interests must be collectively guarded. Firstly, it can have a paralytic effect (Heath 2006), because it does not deal with the fact that individual stakeholders will still have competing goals.