SOW-425 Assignments Soccial Walfare Policy & services Assignment

SOW-425 Assignments Soccial Walfare Policy & services - Assignment Example The help to increase relevance of social work professional in the society and ensure that the social needs of future generations are systematically catered for (Peterson, 2013). It has been reported that the rate of poverty and economic inequality will increase significantly. For instance the level of poverty has been projected to increase in the next decades at a rate of sixteen percent. The impact of poverty to personal life are numerous, among those impacts include; it denies a person an access to quality education, it further denies person an opportunity to access better healthy cares because most of poor people may not have necessary funds to pay for the best hospitals. Additionally, poverty leads to poor living standards for instance most poor people lives in poor housing facilities and can’t afford the best meals. Further, poverty causes people to engage in criminal acts such as stealing, prostitution and drug trafficking in a bid to move on with life. Additionally, poverty affects children’s in numerous ways. For example children’s from poor families may not be in a position to access quality education (MacNeil, 2010). Research indicates that children from poor families tend to die during birth and infancy. Moreover, children from poor have /been reported to suffer malnutrition related complications because their parents can’t afford healthy food. Additionally, children’s from poor families view education as a way to rescue themselves from poverty unlike those from the rich families. Moreover, poverty affects our society in numerous ways. For instance, in a society where there majority of people are poor, the cases of socials evils such as prostitution, drug trafficking and theft have been reported to be substantially higher (MacNeil, 2010). The impacts of economic recession are numerous. For example, economic recession has the impact of causing the number of children living in abject poverty to increase significantly. Additionally, the

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay Example for Free

The Diversity Board Assignment Essay 1. 2-3 pages typed, double-spaced, using 12 pt. Times New Roman font. 2. 2-3 sources required using APA format—Magazines, Books, Newspaper Articles, Internet Articles, etc. a. Resources for using APA format and for evaluating internet sources: i. Pg. 237 of Guidebook: Sample Bibliographic Citations in APA format ii. Purdue OWL: APA formatting guide: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ iii. Pg. 239 of Guidebook: â€Å"Checklist for Evaluating Information Found on the Internet† 3. Title page required. 4. Use at least 3 of the class topics listed on pg. 50 of your guidebook (under â€Å"7 Written Responses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) b. Please BOLD these terms within your paper so they are easy for me to find. 5. Answer the 7 written responses—1 paragraph per question. c. The first question is more of an introduction to your diversity role and should contain a thesis statement previewing your paper as its last sentence. d. Include an 8th conclusion paragraph at the end—reiterate your main points/thesis and give a solid conclusion. 6. Write in 1st person—i.e., â€Å"My morning is much like everyone else’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  e. Feel free to be creative and create a completely new character with a unique name, job, lifestyle, etc. 7. Edit your final draft for grammar and punctuation errors. At LEAST hit â€Å"spell check†!! 8. Please only print on one side of the paper. 9. Rip out pg. 53 of your Guidebook (the grading rubric) and staple it to the back of your final paper. This is what I will use to grade your essay. Guidebook Page Numbers: * pp. 49-50: Full Description of Assignment * p. 53: Grading Rubric that you must turn in to me BLANK * p. 55-60 pp. 61-65: Sample diversity board papers (your papers should look and sound like these!) I am A Muslim In America David Poku My name is Ahil, my name is from Arabic decent and means Prince. I was born very dark skinned. I am now 21 years old man living in America and I am Muslim, it is for this reason that I have been both blessed and cursed. As a Muslim, we are just like most any people aside from the fact that we are not entitled to drink alcohol, have any type of pork, and no sex outside of marriage. I live in Austin, TX. The people here are very different yet in many instances can seem to be the exact same. The word Muslim is an Arabic word that means â€Å"One who submits to Allah and Allah as the one and only one God with no partner, no son, no companion, no associate, and no equivalence.†(). I came to America for an opportunity that I could not be granted in the place of my birth. Since I could remember I have aspired to be a great car salesman. When I was young and living in Jordan, everyone always spoke of doing whatever they could to try and get an opportunity to come and find success in t his so called wonderful place called America, but I am here to tell my fellow people that why there is a great set of opportunities beset upon those who travel here, there is also two sides to this story. My religion is a s just a part of me as the air that I breathe, or the food that I eat, or the very water that I drink, but for the life of me, I have tried to in almost every way possible to conceal this. All of the stories and the things that I heard from the place of my birth were crammed with positive affirmations of achieving a dream that can be attained with hard work and time, but like I said before there is two sides to every story. When I came here, I was told that people were more accepting to various cultures, but after a terrorist incident that the people in America call 9/11, the public eye has since seemed to scrutinize people who follow the Islamic foundations. Apparently the people tied to the terrorist attack were of Middle Eastern decent and because of that fact the masses of America seemed to have all adopted the inconsistent notion that these people followed this religion. This is the first curse and a blessing that I have been brought acknowledge. The ignorance of people permeates me, I have tried to educate the few that I was unfortunate enough to engage in a conversation that dealt with this, thinking that maybe if I educate a few the word would somehow get out and spread to those who belief this faulty notion that everyone who is Muslim is a part of some secret terrorist regime and cannot be trusted. Five years passed as I spread the word to many and many more. I started my own church and preached the true word of Islam to everyone, it didn’t matter what religion they were, what the color of their skin was, or what the once thought before, as long as I could burden them with the truth. Do not be confused, I was not pressing my religions beliefs to change or convert the religion ideologies of others, I just wanted to let everyone know the true meaning of y religious foundation. I was now 26 years old, with a wife, Sara, and 2 kids, and I had spread around 3 different church facilities in Austin. My boy who was 6 years olds name was Aaban, and my daughter, who was 8, was named Manha. One day I was taking my family to the airport to go visit the place of my birth. I realized something very peculiar, as we were boarding, the people in the airport stared at my family, as if we were doing something wrong. You see some people can easily identify Muslim people sometimes; my wife and daughter were wearing Shawls that day. In the Muslim religion, women are supposed to cover their hair as means of being modest. Many people in American may not know or understand this. As a people we tend to fear or express caution to things we do not understand. It was then and only then did I realize that no matter how many ears I reached with my initiative to spread the true meaning of Islam that it would not change a thing. These people seem to hold the people who identify with Muslim as a whole responsible for the terrorist attack that took place on 9/11. It was because of the realization of this fact that I handed off the ownership/pastoring of my churches to another individual who I had met that was willing to take it over. I sought to become the car salesman that I had always aspired to be. I sent out more than a thousand applications in one month, driving from place to place. I met with over 100 managers for different car salesman jobs, and on my own free time took all the spare time I had to learn about cars. Every single meeting I went to, I was met with a sort of indifferent look, that always followed wit where are you from? By the time I was 30, I knew everything there was to know about cars, I even at times impressed interviewees that were questioning me because I had known things that their staff did not, but one small fact remained, I still had not found a job. I was beginning to lose hope, but my nature was to strive for success at any cost, I could not let my family down. One day when I was at a Starbucks parking lot, I saw a very young man with the hood of what looked like his car up and there were clouds of smoke engulfing the engine. I went over for assistance, and saw that this man was a well versed with car mechanics, yet he was flawed with one aspect of what he was doing. I asked the young man if I could fix his car for him. I saw a very arrogant smile on his face, and he said you can give it a try. Ten minutes later I had his car running. When I waked to go shut the hood of his car, I was met with a very firm handshake of another man, an older man, the man looked familiar. He shook my hand, and said, I thank you for fixing my car. He looked at my kind of funny and said: â€Å"aren’t you the man who started that set of churches a couple years back?† I replied yes, but I am no longer running those churches. The man replied: â€Å" I have always was admired your way with people and wanted to tell you about an opportunity. You see.. I run a car dealership wanted to see if you would be interested in working with me? I smiled and told the man, that the foundation of Islamic faith is peace and at this very moment I have found it, through all of the prejudice, the ignorance that has beset itself upon my family and I, I am now in a place where I can surrender myself to my god and derive peace and it is for that, that I thank you. So this message is for everyone that plans to come to America, this is the other side of the story, you will be faced with prejudice, with people who fear you because they do not understand you, you will hesitate and may start to resent your decent or question your religion, but I am here to tell you when you find peace you will finally see that the curse is a blessing in disguise. References Associated Press, (10/24/12). Spying on the Muslim Community. Muslim In America, pp. 1-2. Rauf, Feisal. A. (April 1, 2011). Five Myths About Muslims. American Muslims, N/A pp. 1-2.

Liquid Phase Surface Nitriding of Al-5052

Liquid Phase Surface Nitriding of Al-5052 Abstract: Liquid phase surface nitriding of Al-5052 was performed using the heat of a TIG (tungsten inert gas) torch in a gas shielding which was a mixture of argon and nitrogen. The feasibility of obtaining nitride compounds at various TIG processing parameters and nitrogen contents in the shielding gas were studied. The presence of AlN phase being formed during surface nitriding was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyzer was carried out to study the morphology and chemical composition of the nitride phase. The microhardness test was also performed on cross sections of treated layers. This measurement demonstrated that the surface hardness increased from 52 HV for the untreated aluminum alloy to as high as 1411 HV for the nitrided sample due to the formation of AlN phase in the treated layer. It was also found that, variation of nitrogen contents in the shielding gas has little effect on th e formation of AlN phase and its properties. It was also noticed that liquid phase surface nitriding reduced the wear rate to less than quarter of that of the untreated substrate. Introduction Liquid phase surface engineering including surface melting, alloying, and formation of composite layers on aluminum alloys have been studied and applied for more than three decades. High-energy sources such as laser and electron beam, as well as other heat sources like tungsten inert gas (TIG) process have been used for these treatments [1–3]. In order to improve the wear resistance, formation of hard nitride layers via liquid phase surface engineering on nitride former alloys like titanium and iron in atmospheres containing nitrogen have also been studied by a number of researchers [4–11]. Aluminum alloys like titanium are strong nitride former. Attempts have been made to form nitride compounds on aluminum and its alloys to enhance their wear resistant [12–16]. The majority of researchers have used plasma nitriding technique. The main disadvantage of plasma nitriding is formation of rather thin AlN layers, which are not suitable, and useful while high load bearing ability is required [12,13,17–19]. Some researchers have tried to form aluminum nitride via liquid phase surface engineering of aluminum using laser beam [14,20–24]. Sicard et al. [22] obtained thin nitride layers on aluminum based substrate by liquid phase laser nitriding. Carpene et al. [23] studied laser nitriding of pure iron and aluminum in nitrogen atmosphere using a pulsed nanosecond Excimer laser. Their study revealed that approximately all the phases predicted by the Fe-N phase diagram was observed in the case of liquid phase iron nitriding, while in aluminum, only AlN was formed . There are only a couple of works on liquid phase surface nitriding of aluminum using electric arc in atmospheres of argon and nitrogen [15,16]. Hioki et al. [15] introduced an aluminum nitriding method by heating aluminum in a mixture gas of argon and nitrogen using the heat of a TIG torch. By this treatment, a dense layer of aluminum nitride was formed on the surface of aluminum so that it improved the wear resistance of aluminum. Zheng et al. [16] reported an improvement in the microhardness and wear resistance of 1050 aluminum by nitrogen arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. The nitride formation mechanism via liquid phase surface treatment has not been completely realized. According to some researches [16,20,21], the plasma formation by the electric arc or laser irradiation on the substrate surface under nitrogen atmosphere allows ionization of nitrogen and penetration to some depth and then according to Al+N → AlN reaction, nitride layers grow in the melt pool. It has been reported that if the proportion of nitrogen gas exceeds 50% by weight, the paucity of argon gas might result in unfavorable effects on generation and stability of the electric arc [15]. Therefore, it is preferred that the shielding gas to be diluted by argon gas. In this study, TIG surface nitriding of Al-5052 in ambient nitrogen atmosphere will be carried out to investigate the effects of various TIG processing parameters such as current and travel speed as well as nitrogen contents on the formation of AlN on Al-5052 alloy. Subsequently, the hardness and wear resistance of the treated surfaces were studied. Experimental AA5052 aluminum plates with dimensions of 100 mm Ãâ€" 80 mm Ãâ€" 10 mm were used as the substrate. Prior to surface nitriding, their surfaces were sandpapered with 120 paper grit SiC and then cleaned with acetone. TIG surface treatment was carried out using a MERKLE TIG 200 AC/DC unit in alternative-current (AC) mode as a heat-generator. A coaxial argon gas flow was adjusted at a fixed amount of 9 l/min and high purity nitrogen gas (at flow rates of 3, 4, and 5 l/min) was blown into the molten pool to provide shielding. Tungsten electrodes with diameter of 2.4 mm and a constant distance of 2 mm from the specimens’ surfaces were used for all experiments. Surface melting trials were conducted to optimize the TIG processing parameters (Table 1). The effects of volume percentage of added nitrogen to the shielding gas and TIG processing parameters on the properties of the fabricated layers were studied. On the whole, liquid phase surface nitriding was performed under two different series of processing parameters. In the first series, surface nitriding was performed in a constant mixture of argon and nitrogen gas atmosphere at various TIG processing parameters and in the second series the mix tures of argon and nitrogen gas shielding were changed while other TIG operating parameters were kept constant (Table 2). The voltage of TIG process was kept at a constant value of 15 V, the current varied from 75 to 150 A, and the travel speed differed from 50 to 200 mm/min. The heat input for each test was calculated using Eq. 1 [25]. Heat input (kJ/cm) = (0.48 Ãâ€" voltage Ãâ€" current)/(Travel speed) (1) The nitrided layers were characterized and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (Model:Camscan MV2300) equipped with an EDS analyzer. The samples used for microanalysis were polished metallographically to get smooth surfaces and then were etched with Kellers reagent for 15–30 s. The nitrided layers were also analyzed using a Philips X’Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer equipped with a Ni filter, Cu KÃŽ ± source operating at 40 kV and 30 mA. The cross-sectional hardness of the surface treated layer was measured by a MicroMet microhardness testers-Vickers with an applied load of 100-200 g and holding time of 15 s. The given values of hardness were average values taking from three to five measurement points at the same depth. The wear rates of the samples at room temperature and humidity of 45% were also evaluated by measuring the weight loss, using a pin-on-disc wear test machine. The cylindrical pins with a diameter of 4.9 mm were wire-cut from the untreated AA5052, surface melted and surface nitrided samples for the wear tests. A quench-tempered steel (AISI 52100) disc with a diameter of 37 mm and hardness of 59 HRC was chosen as the counter face. The testing parameters were 20N load, 0.3 mm/s sliding speed, and 250, 500, 750 and 1000 m sliding distance on a radius of 12.5 mm from the center of the disc. 3. Results and Discussions 3.1 Surface melting Fig. 1 shows a typical cross sectional view of a crack and porosity-free surface melted specimen achieved at a heat input of 2.16 kJ/cm (current of 100 A and travel speed of 200 mm/min). This figure also shows that the optical macrostructure of the cross section of the surface melted specimen is composed of three distinctive structures: Area 1 is the unchanged structure of the base metal. Area 2 with columnar structure, which is formed due to the high heat transfer rates because of rapid solidification and high thermal gradient between the melted zone and the base metal. Area 3 with equiaxed structure, which is emerged due to heat transfer rates during the melting process. 3.2 Surface nitriding: Effects of various TIG processing parameters Liquid phase surface nitriding was carried out under various TIG processing parameters in a constant mixture of nitrogen–argon shielding gases. Surface nitriding caused the formation of gray colored tracks, with 0.6–1.6 mm thickness and 3–6 mm width, indicating composition changes and possibly formation of aluminum nitride in the treated layer. A couple of other works have also reported similar observations [16,21]. Fig. 2a and b shows the effect of heat input on the depth and width of the treated zone. The depth and width of treated zone proportionally increased with increasing heat input. In addition, the change in gradient due to increased heat input is the same in both graphs. Fig. 3a and b shows the surface treated zone achieved at the minimum (N-1) and maximum (N-4) heat input used in this work, when the mixture of nitrogen–argon shielding gas was remained constant. In the sample with maximum heat input, the treated layer is larger and contains crack s, which are due to the formation of hard aluminum nitride and high temperature gradient. The rough nature of the treated layer is due the metal evaporation as result of high heat input. EDS analysis from the marked areas (Fig. 3c and d) reveals aluminum and nitrogen percentages for N-1 and N-4 specimens. Nitrogen content in the sample with maximum heat input (27.22 at%) was much lower than the nitrogen content in the sample with minimal heat input (40.41 at%). Increasing heat input results in dissolved nitrogen in the larger melting pool of aluminum and there would be less excess nitrogen. 3.3 Surface nitriding: Effects of shielding gas Surface nitriding was also processed at various volume percentage of nitrogen in the shielding gas when the other TIG processing parameters were kept constant. Fig. 4 shows the low magnification cross sectional SEM micrograph of sample N-5 (see Table 2), near its surface. According to this figure, the nitrided layers are consisted of two morphologies, one is dendritic morphology, and other is lamellar morphology dispersed between the dendrites. Similar morphologies are reported by other researchers [16]. Fig. 5 shows the high magnification SEM micrograph of sample N-5 that reveals these two morphologies, separately. Detailed SEM-EDS spot analysis (Fig. 5c and d) suggests that in lamellar structure, the dark areas are aluminum nitride and the bright bands are aluminum. The EDS analysis results disclosed that the atomic percentage of nitrogen and aluminum are almost 1:1 at the dark areas. X-ray diffraction patterns of the nitrided zone also confirmed peaks corresponding to hexagonal Al N phase (Fig. 6). Other researchers also reported formation of hexagonal AlN phase [12,16]. AlN phase was seen at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 33.216, 36.041, 37.917, 49.816, 59.350, 66.054, 69.731, 71.440, 72.629, 81.090 and 94.844 (PDF no. 25-1133). There are other peaks in the XRD patterns at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 38.473, 44.740, 65.135, 78.230, 82.438, and 99.081, that correspond to face centered cubic aluminum structure. Fig. 7 shows the high magnification cross sectional SEM micrographs of samples that were surface nitrided under various volume percentages of nitrogen in shielding gas. The morphologies of the samples treated with different nitrogen flow rates (3, 4 and 5 l/min) were similar to each other and by changing the nitrogen flow rate, the atomic percentage of nitrogen in the dark bands did not changed, significantly (Table 3). However, it seems that the thickness of the dark bands increased with increasing the volume percentages of nitrogen gas shielding. Meanwhile, bright areas increased that indicate d aluminum content changed by reducing the amount of nitrogen in the gas mixture. 3.4 Microhardness Table 4 compares the average microhardness of a number of surface melted samples with that of the base metal. In surface melted samples, the hardness of the surface melted layer reduces by increasing of the heat input applied. Nevertheless, minimum hardness of the surface melted samples (81 HV) was much higher than that of the base aluminum substrate (52 HV). Table 5 shows the average microhardness of a number of surface nitrided samples being compared with that of the base metal. The increase in hardness was due to the formation of AlN phase in the nitrided zone. In surface nitrided samples by decreasing the heat input, the size of the treated layer decreased and hence, the solidification rate increased, resulting in a finer grained structure. In addition, by reducing the heat input, nitriding pool shrinks and nitrogen content rises from about 27 to 40 %at and therefore the relative amount of nitride compounds is increased in the layer. The hardness of the nitrided sample achieved a t higher heat input (HV 1109) is lower than that of the sample nitride at lower heat input (1411HV), which is close to the hardness value reported by others [13,16]. Furthermore, various volume percentages of nitrogen in the gas shielding had an insignificant effect on the average hardness of the nitrided zone. Fig. 8 illustrates the microhardness profiles along the depth of the layer achieved for surface melted (M-1) and nitrided (N-5) samples. These profiles indicate that the microhardness of the surface nitrided sample is much higher than that of the surface melted sample. The hardness for the surface melted (M-1) sample reached 148 HV and for the surface nitrided (N-5) sample increased by up to 1411 HV. Besides, the hardness of the nitrided layer along treated zone does not vary significantly and abruptly reduce to the hardness of the base material that can be an indication of in depth diffusion of nitrogen in the surface treated zone. 3.5. Wear resistance The weight losses of the worn untreated substrate, surface melted and surface nitrided samples against sliding distance are shown in Fig. 9. As it is shown, the weight loss after 1000 m sliding reduced from 4.2 mg to 2.9 and 1.2 mg, respectively, for the untreated aluminum, surface melted (M-1) sample (with highest hardness among surface melted samples) and surface nitrided (N-5) sample (with highest hardness among surface nitrided samples). According to these results, the wear rates of the surface melted and nitrided aluminum are about 69% and 28% of that of the untreated aluminum. Besides friction coefficients varied from 0.81 to 0.71 and 0.54 for untreated substrate, surface melted and surface nitrided samples respectively. It is obvious that grain refinement and presence of hard aluminum nitride phases have a positive effect on the wear resistance of the melted and nitrided samples. Similar improvement in wear resistance by formation of nitride layer has also been reported in oth er studies [11,13,14,16]. Fig. 10 shows the scanning electron micrographs of the worn surfaces of the untreated, surface melted and surface nitrided samples after 1000 m sliding distances. Plastic deformation including deep grooves on the worn surface of the untreated sample are signs of abrasive wear mechanism. After surface melting processing, the surface hardness increased and the intensity of the grooves reduced. Fig. 10c shows the worn surface of the surface nitrided sample, which has the lowest wear rate among the samples. Worn surface of the nitrided sample are smoother than those of the other samples that is due to presence of AlN phases in the nitrided layers and its higher hardness. Conclusions Liquid phase surface nitriding of Al-5052 by TIG process in ambient nitrogen atmosphere resulted in the formation of nitrided layers containing hexagonal AlN hard phase with two morphologies of dendritic and lamellar. Increasing the heat input resulted in reduced nitrogen content in the nitrided layer and thus AlN content reduced in the layer. The hardness of the surface nitrided layer reached to 1411 HV as compared to 52 HV for untreated aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, various volume percentages of nitrogen in the gas shielding had no significant effect on the morphology and the average hardness of the nitrided layers. Liquid phase surface nitriding resulted in the formation of AlN phase and hence increased the hardness of the treated layer that in turn reduced the wear rate to less than quarter of that of the untreated aluminum.

Transcultural Nursing Essay -- cultural competency, holistic nursing p

Introduction Diversity of the world’s population has reached a point where it is vital to address and more importantly to understand, the ever growing challenge that transcultural nursing poses to the nursing profession. Addressing this issue avoids discrimination and promotes equality within holistic nursing practice in order to meet patients’ needs. Health care professionals should be qualified to deliver, on a daily basis, proficient care and sensitive skilled communication to culturally different individuals (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). To exercise professional nursing in a conceptual way holistic nursing care focuses on physical, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects as well as on the idea that any individual involved in treatment care should be treated as a whole and with dignity (Dossey & Guzzetta, 2005). One of the areas to be discussed is Transcultural Nursing and Leininger’s Transcultural Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and its research enablers: the Sunrise Enabler and the Ethnonursing Method. Another area will be Holistic Nursing Practice and Nightingale’s Nursing Theory of Environmental Adaptation as well as the liaison between Transcultural Nursing and Holistic Nursing Practice. Nightingale’s theory has been chosen over others because she was the first to acknowledge nurses’ work in a theoretical framework and also because she was considered to be the mother of nursing practices (Ellis, 2008). The development of culture care theory introduced health care professionals into a new nursing dimension formed by issues such as culture background, spirituality, environment and others that demonstrated how culture and health care are linked (Leininger, 2002a). Holistic Nursing Practice en... ...g. [Online]. 28 (1), p. 84. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2823/content/28/1/81.full.pdf+html [accessed 2nd April 2010]. The International Council for Nurses, (2005). The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses. Available from: http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/about/icncode_english.pdf [accessed 20th March 2011]. Woerner, L., Espinosa, J., Bourne, S., O’toole, M., & Ingerson, G., L., (2009). Project Exito!: Success through diversity and universality for outcomes improvement among Hispanic home care patients. [Online]. Nursing Outlook. 57 (5), p.271. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2152/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WNY-4XB1JCX-B-1&_cdi=6975&_user=132448&_pii=S0029655409000177&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009&_sk=999429994&view=c&wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkzk&md5=04d1ebfb99f4824da35541a0a368b5a6&ie=/sdarticle.pdf [accessed 30th March 2011].

Ducati

Memorandum Subject: Ducati: In Pursuit of Magic (A) Date: Feb. 19th 2013 Ducati is one of the premium motorcycle producers specializing in sport segment superbike from Italy. The company experienced booming in sales and reputation in 1996-2001. This boost had attracted Texas Pacific Group to pursue controlling interest in the company for higher expected future return. The economic boom somehow masked the mistakes made by Ducati during the period. When sales started to decline during 2002-2005, three major problems started to become more obvious among the management team: * Product discontinuity. Cost disadvantage compared to Japanese producer. * Decline in sales in U. S. market. Ducati needed to addresses these problems to put the company back on track. Before offering solutions to any of the problems mentioned above, we would like to dig into details about the industrial background, company strategic positions, and competitive advantages and disadvantages about the company. These an alyses are especially beneficial to help identify potential opportunities and threats of the motorcycle industry and its sport segment. Five forces analysis are supplemented to our analysis. Threats: * Rivalry: rivalry among industry and the sports segment came from United States and Japanese motorcycle makers. There are intense competitions among brands for entire industry as well the sport segment. A major competitor for cruiser is Harley-Davidson, and Honda and other Japanese motorcycle producers constitute major competitors for the sport segment. * Currency fluctuation: exchange rate posted issues for international operations. Ducati and fellow motorcycle companies engaged in operations all over the world, exchange rate fluctuation generated uncertainty for the company.This is for both the industry and for the sport segment. * Substitutes: there is a high incentive for alternative transportations for the US market. This hurt the industry as well as sport segment. * Government re gulation: Chinese government posted regulations that prohibited motorcycle usage domestically for various reasons. This makes it hard the entire industry as well as the sport segment. * Entrant barriers for industry: low entry barrier due to three reasons. First, people with knowledge can build motorcycle easily. Second, low capital requirement for entrants. Last, there are low switching costs for customers. Opportunities: * Entrant barriers: high for the sport segment due to technology advancement, better design and engineer work, high capital requirement for entrants and distinctive incumbency advantages for established brand. * Buyer’s power: low. This is caused by the brand power and the brand loyalty. People want to pay premium for the bike to feel cool and different. There is a huge demand for motorcycle. * Higher buying power in BRIC. Consumers in those countries are more likely to spend on motorcycle. This is beneficial to the industry, especially the sport segment. M ore diversified riders lead to market growth. There are more women riders than ever before. This is beneficial to the industry and to the sport segment. The following part included company analysis and analysis of company’s strategic position. * Value drivers and competitive advantages: * Use a unique Desmodrimic valve control system to increase the engine performance * Use a engine that were built in a L-twin design to improve aerodynamics and weighted lighter * Special motorcycles had a low-hum sound. * Frame gave greater rigidity, handling power, and enhanced speed.It offered more compact design architecture. * Superb in-house design and external design team teams. * Related field that increase value: Ducati Corse racing, apparel, local Ducati clubs, Ducati museum, Ducati riding experience training course, Ducati. com and Ducati’s multi-franchise distribution points and mono-franchise Ducati retail stores. * Cost drivers: * The large research and development for con secutive years. * Marketing cost associated with selected motorcycle publications. * The production line used the lean manufacturing, which decreases the production costs. Competitive disadvantages: * Cost disadvantage. Japanese motorcycle makers can produce cheaper bike with advanced technology. * Product discontinuity. Evolution of products that consumers do not recognize. * Do not intend to stretch and extend business to cruiser motorcycles, i. e. limited customers. * Relatively low market share than major Japanese companies, which occupied about 78% of total market share. This lead to low brand recognition. Even though Ducati has its competitive advantages, it does not mean that these advantages are sustainable.In order to determine whether Ducati will remain competitive, Barney’s VRIO framework is going to be applied. Hence, four questions are going to be addressed in this part of the case study, which are the Question of Value, the Question of Rareness, the Question of Imitability, and the Question of Organization. * The Question of Value: * Ducati has a group of highly skilled engineers and an in-house design team which allow the firm’s products to have the attribute of speed, performance, and innovation. Such capability helps fulfill customers’ needs and perceptions. Ducati is positioned to be fast with good braking ability. The ability of producing sport bike with speed and safety makes its customers feel safe and reliable while using the product, which helps the firm to build up good company’s reputation. * The Question of Rareness * All the Ducati’s bikes use the Desmodromic valve control system which enhances the engine performance and only Ducati uses this system in the market. * All Ducati’s engines were built in the unique L-twin design which gives the benefit of improved aerodynamics and lighter weight.This design is rare since the two cylinders of the engine are mounted at a 90-degree angle, which it h as to work with the unique Desmodromic valve control system to reach its full ability. Moreover, it gives a unique low-hum engine sound which makes Ducati’s engine even more special. * The Ducati’s tubular trestle frame design was evolved from the Fornula One-inspired tubular trestle with Ducati engineers’ special design to enhance the performance features of the bikes. * The Question of Imitability * With Ducati’s investment in research and development, it would be hard for competitors to just imitate Ducati’s newest technology. Ducati’s in-house design team creates a barrier to imitation since its job is to design completely new model. Moreover, Ducati started to use online resources to gain insight into customers’ needs and perceptions. * Ducati’s Italian styling and origin lower the possibility of its design being imitated, yet it is worth to be noted that MV Agusta is owned by an Italian investment group and its designer M assimo Tamburini had worked in Ducati before, which make it easier for MV Agusta to imitate. * The Question of Organization * Ducati started to invest a lot of money in research and development, which boosted from â‚ ¬3. million in 1997 to approximately â‚ ¬26. 5 million in 2005. Such investment enables the Ducati to fully exploit the potential of its engineers and design team. * The internal culture of Ducati encouraging creativity and teamwork allows the engineers and design team to interact and be innovative. * The building of Ducati museum – the â€Å"World of Ducati† – allows Ducati to give museum and factory tour to enhance visitors’ experience, build up brand loyalty, and signify the company’s ability to be innovative or to create a dream. * Ducati’s purchase of Gio.Ca. Moto and joint venture with Dainese help to build the Ducati brand by selling a wide range of products including Ducati apparel and accessories. * The establishm ent of Ducati Corse Racing team helps to publicize the Ducati brand by participating in professional motorcycle racing. The team also demonstrates Ducati bikes’ high- performance features. * Ducati’s support in enthusiasts’ clubs and the establishment of the Desmo Owners Club (which promotes Ducati’s event to the clubs) help to build the Ducati brand and brand loyalty. The Ducati’s eight country-specific websites not only have information on bike models, but also provide a virtual tour of Ducati’s world headquarters in Bologna, which enhances the customers’ perception to the Ducati brand. Moreover, the websites allow buyers to customize their bikes and also give feedback, which again help Ducati to gain insight into its customers and fully exploit its ability in producing high quality sport bikes. * Ducati has been attempting to build a strong brand by encouraging its dealers to restructure the stores to be in the Ducati-store format. We proposed three alternatives to tackle the problems associated with our problems. 1. We propose to sell Ducati to produce synergy to premium car maker such as Lamborghini. This provided cost savings and promoted efficiency. 2. Improve and extend U. S. market to gain market share and profits by invest in human capital and better IT system. This corresponds to positive U. S. outlook after 2006. 3. Invest in Research and Development to carry out revolutionized products. In this way we are trying to replicate the revolutionized products that help the company out of trouble in 2003.Our recommendation is alternative #1. Before analyzing #1, we would like to point out the drawbacks of the other two options. For alternative #2, it would take two years before the U. S. market become the largest market in the world for the motorcycle business. This postponed schedule is unsatisfied to the investment group who foresee better and immediate solutions for our problems. Another challenge for the U. S. market currently is that in the short run, competition and the low demand makes it hard for individual company to capture large profits.For alternative #3, large amount of research and development input will somehow reduce return for the investment group in the short run. This might not be the primary interest for the investment group that takes controlling interest of the company. On top of that, there are uncertainties involved in the new product even with shortened new product issuance period. Lastly, new product development does not bring current return to the investment group, which is potentially not preferred. Alternative #1 is the best one of all.It can potentially offer the best price for the investment group in that it can eliminate the downside risk for the company to go under. On top of that, business combination with powerful company such as Lamborghini would provide synergy. This synergy will provide cost saving for Ducati. First, since a lot of parts are produc ed in those shops, it is way much easier to produce it for themselves than for outside partners for the company. It can also cut down non-necessary division or labor for the cost saving purposes.Additionally, acquirer with strong financial background can assist in expanding the U. S. market and engage in research and development process to produce a revolutionized product. I predict when the alternative# 1 get implement, the market share of Ducati will rapid increase. Because company such as Lamborghini has enough capitals to innovate different types of motorcycles. With the good fame of Lamborghini, their product will be wide noted and get into the market earlier than the competitors. Ducati will have a bright future and sustainable growth under that company.

Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions They are defined as mechanisms that link only two balanced words, phrases, and clauses. The linked elements should be parallel or equal in terms of length and grammatical similarity. Verb agreement When two subjects are connected with a correlative conjunction, the second must agree with the following verb. Every single evening either the horned owl or the squabbling cats wake Sam with their racket.Every single evening either the squabbling cats or the horned owl wakes Sam with their racket. Pronoun agreement In the case of pronouns, the second antecedent must agree with the following pronoun. Neither Yolanda nor the cousins expressed their disappointment when blind Aunt Sophie set down the plate of burnt hamburgers. Neither the cousins nor Yolanda expressed her disappointment when blind Aunt Sophie set down the plate of burnt hamburgers. Primary correlative conjunctions in English: both . . . nd â€Å"It is difficult to produce a television documentary that is both incisive and probing when every twelve minutes one is interrupted by twelve dancing rabbits singing about toilet paper. † (Rod Serling) either . . . or Either John or George must have done this mischief. neither . . . nor â€Å"In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments; there are only consequences. † (Robert G. Ingersoll) not . . . but â€Å"In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends. (Martin Luther King, Jr. ) not only . . . but also The Great Wall of China is not only up to 30 feet high and 32 feet thick, but also 1,400 miles long. Other pairs which can be used: as . . . as If you are as intelligent as your father, it will not be difficult for you to run your family business. just as . . . so Just as the holiday's basis changed from a historical to a mythological one, so too is it now changing to become more political than anything else. the more . . . the lessThe more he eats, the less he puts on weigh t. the more . . . the more The more the building shook, the more we held on. no sooner . . . than No sooner had I finished the meal than I started feeling hungry again. so . . . as The movie is not so interesting as the book. whether . . . or â€Å"I couldn't distinguish whether I was smelling the clutching sound of misery or hearing the cloying odor of death. † (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1970) http://www. towson. edu/ows/exerciseparal4. htm

Second Chances for High School Dropouts

Second Chances for High School Dropouts Just because your child dropped out of high school doesnt mean his life is over. In fact, 75 percent of high school dropouts eventually finish. Finding the time and motivation to get a GED program completed can be complicated by real-life responsibilities and issues. Dont let those obstacles stop your young adult from completing his high school education. Here are  ways your high school dropout can earn his diploma or a GED.   What Is a GED? Anyone 16 or older who hasnt earned a high school diploma may take the GED tests. There are 5 subject area tests to take to pass the GED: Language Arts/Writing, Language Arts/Reading, Social Studies, Science, and Mathematics. The GED tests are available in Spanish, French, large print, audiocassette and Braille, in addition to English. Fortunately, many government institutions and universities consider the GED just as they would a high school diploma in regards to admissions and qualifications.   Community College: Most community colleges offer programs to help students complete their high school diplomas and/or earn a GED. Some of these classes are offered on community college campuses, while others are held at night on high school grounds. Call your local community college for details. Many community colleges now offer online programs as well.Adult Education Programs: Most adult ed programs offer courses to help students prepare for the GED. Adult ed schools are typically run by high school districts, community colleges or a collaboration between the two, with funding provided by the state. Call your local adult education school for information.Gateway to College: Founded in 2000 by Oregons Portland Community College, this program bridges the gap for students ages 16-21 who have dropped out of high school but want to finish their coursework and go to college. Gateways program, which combines high school and college coursework, is available on 27 community college campuses i n 16 states, and the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation is using it as a model for part of the foundations Early College High School efforts. For details, visit the Gateway to College website. YouthBuild: This 20-year-old program for high school dropouts ages 16-24 from low-income families, combines community service, vocational training, and leadership skills with a GED program. Students, many of whom have been in the foster care or juvenile justice systems, divide their days between high school and GED prep classes and projects building or renovating homes for low-income families. Kids participate in a 30-hour per week program that also offers job training, helping them to find work that will facilitate the start of their careers while building their communities as well. The program began in 1990 in New York City and has grown to include 273 YouthBuild programs in 45 states. This, too, is supported by the Gates Foundation. For more information, visit the YouthBuild site.National Guard Youth ChalleGNe Academy: For 16- to 18-year-olds, Sunburst Youth Academy gives kids a chance to turn their lives around. The program is run by the National Guard, and there are 35 Youth Cha lleNGe Academies around the U.S., an outgrowth of the  Congressional mandate in 1993 to deal with the countrys high school dropout crisis. Therapeutic Boarding Schools: Programs at these schools help troubled teens identify the underlying cause of their issues. Various approaches combine academics and psychotherapy so teens can better understand and control their actions and behaviors. With insight and oversight from professionals, teens can begin to modify their behavior, stop acting out, and get back on a path to pursue their high school diploma. While some therapeutic schools can be unaffordable to many,  local school districts and some insurance plans can help offset the costs.Online Programs: For those students who have challenges with either time or location - for example, a parent who works full time or an ill homebound young adult - online GED programs are a great option. Most programs will allow students to access classwork, tests and more on their own schedule, giving them the flexibility to keep working or managing their health problems. Online GED programs, for the most part, should not be confused with homeschooling - they are specifically designed for online learning.

Free Essays on How Do We Find God

How Do We Find God? Or Do We â€Å"Our discovery of God is, in a way, God’s discovery of us. We cannot go to heaven to find him because we have no way of knowing where heaven is or what it is. He comes down from heaven and finds us.† Thomas Merton from Experiencing God By Dennis Billy, C. SS. R This poem tells us the most important thing about God, that he finds us when it is our time. No one can try to go and find heaven, they never will. We need God to come down and take us to heaven; he needs to show us the way. When I read this poem, it made me really think. Over the summer, I had to go to two funerals that were for very different reasons. The first one was for my Aunt who was very young and diagnosed not even a year ago with cancer. She was suffering and needed to find heaven very badly, but God let her hold on until my cousin, her daughter, graduated from High School. Finally it was her time to â€Å"meet God†; he came down and took her away ending her suffering. The second funeral was for my Grandfather’s nephew, Tony. God didn’t want him to be taken away, but Cousin Tony took it upon himself to meet with God. Tony decided that he was suffering too much and needed to see God to resolve all his problems. I know in the Catholic Religion suicide is regarded as a sin, but I know that my Cousin Tony didn’t mean to sin. He just needed a way to escape all of his â€Å"problems† and be with God in his time of need. Going through what I went through this summer made me realize that when it is your time to go, God will come and get you and that you shouldn’t take it upon yourself. The only way you will get to heaven is if you have someone guiding you and only God can be the one to guide you, he is the only one that knows the way.... Free Essays on How Do We Find God Free Essays on How Do We Find God How Do We Find God? Or Do We â€Å"Our discovery of God is, in a way, God’s discovery of us. We cannot go to heaven to find him because we have no way of knowing where heaven is or what it is. He comes down from heaven and finds us.† Thomas Merton from Experiencing God By Dennis Billy, C. SS. R This poem tells us the most important thing about God, that he finds us when it is our time. No one can try to go and find heaven, they never will. We need God to come down and take us to heaven; he needs to show us the way. When I read this poem, it made me really think. Over the summer, I had to go to two funerals that were for very different reasons. The first one was for my Aunt who was very young and diagnosed not even a year ago with cancer. She was suffering and needed to find heaven very badly, but God let her hold on until my cousin, her daughter, graduated from High School. Finally it was her time to â€Å"meet God†; he came down and took her away ending her suffering. The second funeral was for my Grandfather’s nephew, Tony. God didn’t want him to be taken away, but Cousin Tony took it upon himself to meet with God. Tony decided that he was suffering too much and needed to see God to resolve all his problems. I know in the Catholic Religion suicide is regarded as a sin, but I know that my Cousin Tony didn’t mean to sin. He just needed a way to escape all of his â€Å"problems† and be with God in his time of need. Going through what I went through this summer made me realize that when it is your time to go, God will come and get you and that you shouldn’t take it upon yourself. The only way you will get to heaven is if you have someone guiding you and only God can be the one to guide you, he is the only one that knows the way....

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay Research Paper

Bacterial And Viral Infections Essay, Research Paper Bing portion of the Sports Medicine profession, Athletic Trainers have to be ready for anything and everything when it comes to handling their jocks. This includes acknowledgment, rating, instruction and bar of assorted jobs. One specific facet of this is holding a basic cognition of contagious diseases that is seen all excessively normally in Athletics. Some illustrations of this include Tinea Pedis ( Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot ) , Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) , and Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) . Although these conditions aren # 8217 ; t life endangering, they are annoying and can intend remotion from drama for the person. Early acknowledgment by the jock and Athletic Trainer means immediate intervention and loss of pattern can be kept to a lower limit. Tinea Pedis, normally known as # 8220 ; Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot # 8221 ; , is one of the most prevailing and distinguishable conditions a individual can contract. Over 10 % of the population develops Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot every twelvemonth and 75 % of the US population will hold Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot sometime in their lives ( Hamann, 1994 ) . It seldom occurs before pubescence and is found more often in stripling and immature grownup males. Tinea Pedis is normally contracted by walking barefoot on moisture 2 floors around swimming pools and public showers that are contaminated. These countries stay warm and moist all the clip and this promotes abundant growing of the Fungis. While all jocks are prone to this job because of profuse sudating on a day-to-day footing, swimmers are the beginning of a great figure of Tinea Pedis instances. Diagnosis of Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is normally made from history and clinical scrutiny. Microscopic scrutiny of a wet saddle horse of skin scrapings in a 10 % K hydroxide solution can uncover branched fungal signifiers, therefore corroborating the diagnosing. It is largely found between the 3rd and 4th and 4th and 5th toes but may widen onto the plantar or dorsal forefoot. As stated above, moist environment promotes the growing of the Fungis and Gram-negative bacteriums that is besides present on the tegument in these countries. The normal sourness of the tegument is decreased, which favors the growing of these pathogens. Fungi ab initio damage the outer bed of the cuticle and that causes the dry and lepidote Athlete # 8217 ; s pes visual aspect. As the action of Fungi and bacteriums continue, redness additions and fluid may be excreted from the affected countries. This causes more hurting, inflammation and itchiness. If left untreated, bacterial growing could rule and take 3 to eroding of the plantar tegument. Some marks and symptoms of Tinea Pedis are damp, soft red or grey-white graduated tables on the pess, cracked, skining and dead tegument countries. Sometimes little blisters can organize on the pes and itchiness is common. There are several self-care processs for Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot. Wash pess two times a twenty-four hours and dry well. Apply OTC anti-fungal pulverization, pick or spray between toes, socks and places. Wear clean socks made of cotton or wool because the natural fibres absorb some of the wet. Change socks during the twenty-four hours to assist pess remain dry and wear places that provide some airing, like sandals. Finally alternate places daily to allow each brace air out between erosions. If symptoms do non lessen after making all of the above, send the jock to a doctor for farther rating and intervention. To decrease the odds of your jocks undertaking Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot, educate them on bar. An Athletic Trainer can depic t marks and symptoms of this status so the jocks can catch it in its early phases. They are the 1s looking at their pess every twenty-four hours. An effectual manner to halt the spread Athlete # 8217 ; s Foot is to wear sandals in cabinet suites, showers and on the pool deck. 4 Besides from the Tinea household, Tinea Corporis ( tinea ) is found wholly excessively common in jocks. Once once more males are more frequently infected than females. The beings that cause ringworm can populate in worlds, animate beings and dirt. Tinea Corporis is contracted through direct or indirect contact with tegument of an septic individual. It is besides transmitted through floors, shower stables, benches that are contaminated. A less common manner in athleticss, but a manner none the lupus erythematosus is through petting septic puppies or kitties. Athletes are really susceptible to undertaking tinea because of the organic structure to personify contact they endure on a day-to-day footing. The damp part of the lesion is powerful with the disease and that assorted with perspiration can acquire everyplace. Athletic Trainers can descry Ringworm from the Swim squad to the hoops squad. However the greatest figure of persons who get ringworm every twelvemonth in sports are the gra pplers. They have changeless close contact and fluids are spread from the septic individual, to his opposition, so his opposition wrestles another individual and so on and so on. The mats are contaminated and when the grapplers come into the Training Room, the tabular arraies are contaminated as good. The marks and symptoms of Ringworm Begin with ruddy, somewhat 5 elevated lepidote spots. The lesions are pealing shaped and new spots arise on the fringe while the cardinal country clears up. This leads to the â€Å"ringworm appearance† . A great figure of people believe there is really a worm turning under the surface of the tegument but this is wholly untrue. The fringe may be dry and lepidote or moist and crusted. Tinea Corporis is found normally in non-hairy countries like the face, bole, weaponries and legs. Treatment for this status is really similar to that off Tinea Pedis. Wash the country often with soap and H2O. Apply OTC topical anti-fungal pick to the affected country as directed. Many Training Suites are already equipped with this pick. The jock should be excluded from swimming pools and activities that could expose others, including pattern while the lesion is unfastened. If the jock must take part in pattern, make certain the country is wholly and decently covered. A bioclusive covering, patch or tape can be used to dress the country. By the clip athletes, particularly grapplers, reach the collegial degree of competition they fundamentally know if they have ringworm. Daily introspection of the jock can catch the ruddy spot in its early phases and proper attention can get down instantly to 6 prevent distributing to other teammates. There are merchandises out on the market that can assist forestall transmittal of Tinea Corporis. An illustration of this is Kenshield. It is a froth that when applied becomes an unseeable protectant and barrier. Kenshield is specifically designed for sports and won # 8217 ; t rinse off with sweat. However, these merchandises can be expensive. A 22oz. Can of Kenshild, for illustration, is $ 18.00. This merchandise International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; T merely for jocks but is highly utile in protecting Athletic Trainers themselves. In add-on to Tinea Pedis and Corporis, Conjunctivitis ( tap oculus ) is really common in Athletics. Conjunctivitis is an redness of the conjunctiva, which the name would propose. The conjunctiva is a moist, delicate membrane that lines the interior of the palpebras and covers the Whites of the eyes. The fluids in an septic oculus is highly contagious. A individual may merely hold pinkeye in one oculus but if they itch the septic one and so rub the other, the infection is that easy distribute. If an jock touches their oculus and so embrace person or touches a doorhandle, other people are at hazard of going infected. Using other athlete # 8217 ; s apparels, towels, 7 oculus make-up or dark glassess can set him or her at increased odds. Conjunctivitis can normally distribute like wildfire throughout a swimming squad because of the sharing of goggles and towels. Sometimes the inflammation that is the first symptom is normally mistaken for annoyance from the Cl in the pool. Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis include scratchy or painful esthesis, lacrimation, and itchy and conceited eyes. The oculus is overly ruddy, resembling a # 8220 ; bloodshot oculus # 8221 ; . The most defining mark is difficulty opening eyes in the forenoon because the palpebras are # 8220 ; crusted # 8221 ; shut from mucose. There are two sorts of Conjunctivitis: viral and bacterial. Both produce really similar symptoms but the bacterial strain symptoms appear between 24-72 hours after exposure whereas the viral strain can run anyplace from 12 hours to 12 yearss. There are non many ways to handle Conjunctivitis. Sometimes, if left untreated, can run its class in a few ye arss but a bulk opt to see a physician to have oculus beads. To forestall spread of pink oculus, promote your jocks non to portion anything that would come near to touching the oculus. Catching pink oculus in the first twenty-four hours or so and get downing intervention, the jock may 8 forestall the spreading of the infection to the other oculus or to other teammates. In decision, the Athletic Training profession plays a major function in maintaining jocks healthy and viing in the athleticss they love by holding proper cognition of different diseases and infections. Even conditions that may non look of import like Tinea Pedis, Tinea Corporis and Conjunctivitis can do an jock free valuable playing clip. By being able to place the above jobs, cognizing how they are transmitted and how to forestall farther spread, the Athletic Trainer is taking major stairss to assist their jocks and maintain them every bit healthy as they can be. Bibliography Mentions Fedukowicz, H. ( 1985 ) . External Infections of the Eye. Appleton-Century Crafts. Hyndiuk, T. ( 1986 ) . Infections of the Eye. Little, Brown and Company. Easty, D.L. ( 1985 ) . Virus Disease of the Eye. Yearbook Medical Publishing Inc. Ogilvie, S. ( 1997 ) . Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine. Butterworth A ; Heinmann. Holmberg, K. ( 1989 ) . Diagnosis and Therapy of Systemic Fungal Infections. Raven Press. Hamann, B. ( 1994 ) . Disease: Designation, Prevention, and Control. Mosby. Marder, R. ( 1997 ) . Sports Injuries of the Ankle and Foot. Springer. William claude dukenfields, K. ( 1997 ) . Medical Problems in Athletes. Blackwell Science. Sauer, G. ( 1996 ) . Manual of Skin Diseases. Lippincott-Raven.

SMEs Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

SMEs Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example First, the availability of improved marketing intelligence has facilitated planning. Second, utilization of the computer and various mathematical models has made an impact. Third, managements are becoming more scientific and organizations are now more complex with a broader diversity of products. Fourth, business outlays are larger and risks are often greater, all of which factors necessitate planning. The company was opened in Washington in 1971. Its founders were jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker, Alfred Peer. Howard Schiltz joined Starbucks in 1982 and proposed a new marketing mix: the idea was that the company should sell coffee beans and espresso drinks on the national scale. In two years, Starbucks expanded its business and bought Peet's. In 1987, Starbucks opened its first outside store. Since 2000, Starbucks expanded its global presence and opened new stores around the world. Today, Starbucks has 8,505 stores worldwide. The company states that its mission statement is more than a strategy approach but a philosophy of the company. The mission is to "establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow" (Starbucks Home Page 2008). . While this freedom from any constraints may be attractive, it also creates challenges in tackling segmentation and targeting issues. One approach in this situation is to start with an examination of consumer motivations and goals in using a product category as a basis for identifying gaps in marketplace offerings. This consumer insight is the basis for developing a product or service that addresses unmet goals. Starbucks illustrates this approach. When Starbucks was conceived, coffee manufacturers were focusing on the rational benefits of their brands such as the superior taste attributable to a particular growing process as a way of competing in a declining market. In contrast, Starbucks created a coffee-based experience in which the range of preparations and atmosphere of the stores encouraged customers to view having a cup of Starbucks as a way of indulging themselves. In essence, Starbucks targeted people seeking an indulgence experience rather than simply coffee consumption (Starbucks Home Page 2008). Strategy and Success Factors Success of Starbucks is based on its unique approach to product mix and brand. On a more everyday level, Starbucks has built a powerful experiential brand. Starbucks stores are much more than a place to purchase a jolt of java (Starbucks Strategy n.d.). They offer a brief reprieve in a hectic day; a chance to inhale the rich aroma of fresh coffee and listen to relaxing music, while tasting a rich, specially prepared brew in the company of like-minded coffee addicts. One hallmark of the Starbucks' experience, and any great experience really, is consistency. Delivering a consistently good experience is a challenge in the retail coffee business. Making a consistently high-quality caf latt, for instance, requires, first, brewing two ounces of coffee. Starbucks' guidelines require this to be drawn in 18 to 23 seconds at 90 degrees Celsius and 9 bars of pressure to produce excellent espresso (Starbucks Home Page 2008). Second, the milk must be steamed to 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Most

New Architectural and Natural Structures Research Proposal

New Architectural and Natural Structures - Research Proposal Example The project began in the 1990s as an initiative for Landmark Millennium Projects, which was to launch in the year 2000. The project began with finding a 160-year-old china clay quarry that was no longer used and was considered a land pit. The team began to construct a variety of biomes to change the space and to offer a different form of living in the area that was before devastated. The beginning consisted of building a drainage system from the natural rainfall and was followed by taking natural soils from land mine waste that could be fertilized over a given time frame. The construction also consisted of natural heating from the sun; however, the biome structure automatically offers 90% humidity at night and 60% at day with recycled water that offers 60 inches per year to assist with the living of both plants and animals (Eden Project, 2011: 1). The initiatives of the Eden Project, while based around the green movement and new structures were also built with the ideology of creatin g community at the same time. The structure was created with the understanding that tourists would be interested in the new initiative. This has been combined with events, such as from musicians, as well as from conservation programs, that continue to grow. The Eden Project is able to continue to expand because of the vast amount of land that is surrounding the area, with the last biome being completed in the year 2005. The goal was not only to create a different initiative that was based on a new structure but also had the goal of creating a social enterprise for entertainment, education, and enjoyment. These two goals altered the structure and offered a different approach to creating the biomes from the first initiatives created (Eden Project, 2011: 1). The design was first initiated by creating biomes, specifically because this offers a natural environment to conserve energy while offering a natural habitat for creatures. The landscape consists of two main biomes, both of which h ave smaller biomes extended from the main origin. The biome landscape was laid out as a path which curves in the same rounded shape from one biome to the next, specifically to keep the main theme of the natural biome as a part of the overall landscape and in relation to the individual biomes. Figure 1: Landscape of the Biomes (Overview of Eden Project) The biomes are divided according to the type of habitat that is offered. One is based on a Mediterranean environment while the second is able to hold a rainforest environment. This is combined with a middle space that carries a habitat for natural plants which are able to grow within Cornwall. The initiative of the design was important not only because of the main landscape but also with the need to create a natural habitat and structure. The main biomes are covered with tubular steel space frames in a hex – tri-hex form. This is combined with hexagonal cladding panels that are made from thermoplastic ETFE.  

The Mid-Nineteenth Through the Early Twentieth Century Essay - 1

The Mid-Nineteenth Through the Early Twentieth Century - Essay Example He also condemned Christianity as it hindered the development of human instincts. He further went on to state that man can only be saved by the evolution of a superman who would create his rules based on his own instincts. He will not adhere to any set rules or code of conducts that have been imposed by the civilization of mankind. He firmly believed in his principles even during the late 19th century which was heralded as an era of scientific progress and development. Many European scholars considered the thoughts expressed by Nietzsche as an expression of the inner energy of man. Like Nietzsche, Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky also believed that human were irrational and rebellious and did not believe in the era of enlightenment or the age of human reason. He was totally against science and reasoning. He strongly believed that man could not fit into a tailor-made world and that he was bound to undergo suffering and act irrationally in order to assert their individuality. There w as more to the existence of human beings than merely reason and perform worldly duties expected from him. This, he believed, was the freedom of every man as it is created by him and not put down by the society in which he lives.

Empathy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Empathy - Assignment Example In modern society, the Child Protection Services can easily remove endangered children from unsuitable homes and place them with more deserving families. Allowing a national government to be able to rule over the decisions that women make about their own bodies is a direct violation of their human and civil rights as citizens. Anti-abortionists oppose the practice of abortion because they believe that it is murder as there is a human being killed. Anti-abortionists believe that abortions destroy women’s bodies. Pro- abortionists also believe this; however, for pro-abortionists, there is no alternative for abortion. It is a known fact that abortion is extremely physically as well as emotionally painful. This means that there is hardly any woman who would choose to opt for an abortion without reflecting on the personal cost to her body and mind. According to Thapa and Neupane (2013) there are also anti-abortionists who have claimed that the legalization of abortion could have other unforeseen effects in regards to the practice of the law. Pro-abortionists also recognize this fact. If abortion was only allowed for women who had been forced to experience rape or incest, there is a very real possibility that desperate women would resort to claiming that they were molested in order to be permitted to pro cure an abortion. This would also result in the side effect of falsely accused targets who would be unjustly imprisoned. Many anti-abortionists believe that women who are denied abortions can somehow find the physical and emotional means to love and accept their children once they are born. This is not reality but unsupported idealism. When women choose to subject their bodies to an abortion, it is because they have few if any options. Children deeply affect the lives of their parents. There are many women who do not realize the extent of responsibility that will fall on them once they have a child. They may not be able to cope

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement Essay

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement - Essay Example "Most other efforts to bring clean water to the underserved citizens had relied on volunteerism and had ultimately failed. Those efforts were not market-based and proved to be unsustainable" Kaputt said. MIBW4A established a strong and mutually profitable partnership with the water vendors to help in the distribution of low salt level drinking water to the consumers (Salzman, 2012, p.5). Profitability: To create a sustainable business enterprise with a potential of generating revues excess of the operational costs, and be able to finance future growth. In addition, the company aims at establishing itself by developing quality brands, popular among its consumers. Community Building: MIBW4A would employ and hire technical and casual staff to service their water filters and serve the vendors or other distributors. Besides, the company will focus on community educational programs about benefits of consuming clean water. Corporate Social Responsibility - Environment: MIBW4A will bear the cost of externalities incurred in the process of boiling the water, by ensuring reduced deforestation (popularly associated with charcoal burning). This would be attained by reducing the demand and need for bottled and bagged water, which potentially pollutes and litter the environment. With a daily average of 150-350 venders, the company estimated that each consumer will need at least 1 litre clean drinking water on a daily basis. Within the first year, the company planned to acquire 50 water filters. By the end of three years of operation, MIBW4A estimates their customer base to reach 3000, thus calling for acquisition of more filters in the subsequent years. After conducting an extensive market research, MIBW4A introduced its purified water products priced at USD 0.08 per litre. By only attracting 12% of the potential consumers, the company estimated daily average sales of 450,000 litres of clean

The Mid-Nineteenth Through the Early Twentieth Century Essay - 1

The Mid-Nineteenth Through the Early Twentieth Century - Essay Example He also condemned Christianity as it hindered the development of human instincts. He further went on to state that man can only be saved by the evolution of a superman who would create his rules based on his own instincts. He will not adhere to any set rules or code of conducts that have been imposed by the civilization of mankind. He firmly believed in his principles even during the late 19th century which was heralded as an era of scientific progress and development. Many European scholars considered the thoughts expressed by Nietzsche as an expression of the inner energy of man. Like Nietzsche, Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky also believed that human were irrational and rebellious and did not believe in the era of enlightenment or the age of human reason. He was totally against science and reasoning. He strongly believed that man could not fit into a tailor-made world and that he was bound to undergo suffering and act irrationally in order to assert their individuality. There w as more to the existence of human beings than merely reason and perform worldly duties expected from him. This, he believed, was the freedom of every man as it is created by him and not put down by the society in which he lives.

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement Essay

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement - Essay Example "Most other efforts to bring clean water to the underserved citizens had relied on volunteerism and had ultimately failed. Those efforts were not market-based and proved to be unsustainable" Kaputt said. MIBW4A established a strong and mutually profitable partnership with the water vendors to help in the distribution of low salt level drinking water to the consumers (Salzman, 2012, p.5). Profitability: To create a sustainable business enterprise with a potential of generating revues excess of the operational costs, and be able to finance future growth. In addition, the company aims at establishing itself by developing quality brands, popular among its consumers. Community Building: MIBW4A would employ and hire technical and casual staff to service their water filters and serve the vendors or other distributors. Besides, the company will focus on community educational programs about benefits of consuming clean water. Corporate Social Responsibility - Environment: MIBW4A will bear the cost of externalities incurred in the process of boiling the water, by ensuring reduced deforestation (popularly associated with charcoal burning). This would be attained by reducing the demand and need for bottled and bagged water, which potentially pollutes and litter the environment. With a daily average of 150-350 venders, the company estimated that each consumer will need at least 1 litre clean drinking water on a daily basis. Within the first year, the company planned to acquire 50 water filters. By the end of three years of operation, MIBW4A estimates their customer base to reach 3000, thus calling for acquisition of more filters in the subsequent years. After conducting an extensive market research, MIBW4A introduced its purified water products priced at USD 0.08 per litre. By only attracting 12% of the potential consumers, the company estimated daily average sales of 450,000 litres of clean

What aspects of George Orwell Essay Example for Free

What aspects of George Orwell Essay Dressed in their blue shorts, grey shirts and red neckerchiefs these young spies fell nothing short of looking as if they were a western cowboy, and with their tracking ears and armed with catapults and stones, the children were a great threat to any thought criminal. During his stay within the Ministry of Love (or Miniluv) Winston had a final conversation with a close friend of his, Mr Parsons, father to two members of the Spies. During this conversation he soon discovered how the thought police had caught Parsons. Although he was ashamed of his actions against the party, Parsons was still able to hold his head up high and announce that It was my little daughter She listened at the key hole nipped off to the patrols the next day In fact Im proud of her. Yet how was it possible for a father to be denounced to the Thought Police by his own daughter? How could there be such breaks in a family who had been living happily together for over seven years? Love to others had been replaced for an abundant love for Big Brother. A love that he needed to keep the people on his side. The only feelings of love or hate that a true party member was supposed to have would be total love for Big Brother, and an incredible hate for any enemy, whether is was Eastasia or Eurasia, depending on the times. By eliminating any love between family members, Big Brothers leading party could be sure that all available love was used towards him, so that he would be idolised and praised by all, and so that the party could gain complete control. This elimination of any feelings towards someone else apart from hate to me is the most disturbing aspect of 1984. Although family love between parent and child was easily conquered, it was far harder to eliminate love between two young adults seeking their future partner. Any act of lust towards another was seen as incorrect and so it was inevitable that enjoyment from making love would disappear as any sign of it would be considered as thoughtcrime by the Thought Police. We are able to see how there is such great separation between a couple when Winston describes his wife, Katherine, to Julia. He describes her in newspeak as Goodthinkful, unaware of the partys propaganda and totally willing to do anything that was for the good of the party. He then went on to describe to Julia how Katherine only took the act of making love (and prospective new entrants for the Spies) Our duty to the party. The single thought of having one of the few things that you would be able to get pleasure from taken away from you and replaced as a party duty, clearly shows how the Inner-Party wanted to minimise everything. To such an extent that perhaps one day there would not be many small things that at some points came together, but instead there would only be one great idea in life Big Brother. This destruction of all that was unneeded in life brought one further change to the lives of all that occupied Oceania, the cut down of the English language into Newspeak. We take it for granted that we are able to express our thoughts positively as well as negatively but the aim of newspeak was to abolish all negative wording and replace it with words such as ungood or doubleplusungod as a description of the most negative accord. I find this so astonishing and disturbing that while we today are urged to express feelings freely and truthfully whereas in the Utopian world of George Orwells Oceania, it was a sin to do so. To the onlooker of George Orwells world it seems incredible how anyone could be able to live like millions did within the book, and I too have similar feelings. Yet I would by no means outride Airstrip one for being a place within which a human could be able to live their life happily without worries. A child born in the city of London in 1984 would be unconscious to any political controversy and would be brought up thinking that the respect and love for Big Brother was a normal occurrence, and he would not be wrong in thinking so. For once an alternative way of ruling has been devised and set-up any one within the system any newborn baby (or born-again Big Brother worshiper) would be unaware of such atrocious doings of the Party. And as stated on the third page of the book Ignorance is Strength, the ignorance of a child to the regime of Big Brother will only make him stronger, and the ignorance of the people to the Partys action will also make the Party stronger.

Industrial Revolution In Western Europe

Industrial Revolution In Western Europe Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalization. Positive work ethics in populations at large combined with skills in quickly utilizing new technologies and scientific discoveries were likely to boost production and income levels and as the latter rose, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tended to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. By the end of the century, East Asia was one of the most economically successful regions of the world with free market countries such as Hong Kong being widely seen as models for other, less developed countries around the world to emulate. The first country to industrialize was Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution Description According to the original sector classification of Jean Fourastià ©, an economy consists of a Primary sector of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources), a secondary sector of manufacturing and processing, and a Tertiary Sector of service industries. The industrialization process is historically based on the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy dominated by primary activities. The first ever transformation to an industrial economy from an agrarian one was called the Industrial Revolution and this took place in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in a few countries of Western Europe and North America, beginning in Great Britain. This was the first industrialization in the worlds history. The Second Industrial Revolution describes a later, somewhat less dramatic change that came about in the late 19th century with the widespread availability of electric power, internal combustion engines, and assembly lines to the already industrialized nations. The lack of an industrial sector in a country is widely seen as a major handicap in improving a countrys economy, and power, pushing many governments to encourage or enforce industrialization. History of industrialization Most pre-industrial economies had standards of living not much above subsistence, among that the majority of the population were focused on producing their means of survival. For example, in medieval Europe, 80% of the labor force was employed in subsistence agriculture. Some pre-industrial economies, such as classical Athens, had trade and commerce as significant factors, so native Greeks could enjoy wealth far beyond a sustenance standard of living through the use of slavery. Famines were frequent in most pre-industrial societies, although some, such as the Netherlands and England of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Italian city states of the fifteenth century, the medieval Islamic Caliphate, and the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were able to escape the famine cycle through increasing trade and commercialization of the agricultural sector. It is estimated that during the seventeenth century Netherlands imported nearly 70% of its grain supply and in the fifth century BC Athens imported three quarters of its total food supply. Industrialization through innovation in manufacturing processes first started with the Industrial Revolution in the north-west and Midlands of England in the eighteenth century.[5] It spread to Europe and North America in the nineteenth century, and to the rest of the world in the twentieth. Industrial revolution in Western Europe In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Great Britain experienced a massive increase in agricultural productivity known as the British Agricultural Revolution, which enabled an unprecedented population growth, freeing a significant percentage of the workforce from farming, and helping to drive the Industrial Revolution. Due to the limited amount of arable land and the overwhelming efficiency of mechanized farming, the increased population could not be dedicated to agriculture. New agricultural techniques allowed a single peasant to feed more workers than previously; however, these techniques also increased the demand for machines and other hardwares, which had traditionally been provided by the urban artisans. Artisans, collectively called bourgeoisie, employed rural exodus workers to increase their output and meet the countrys needs. The growth of their business coupled with the lack of experience of the new workers pushed a rationalization and standardization of the duties the in workshops, thus leading to a division of labor, that is, a primitive form of Fordism. The process of creating a good was divided into simple tasks, each one of them being gradually mechanized in order to boost productivity and thus increase income. The accumulation of capital allowed investments in the conception and application of new technologies, enabling the industrialization process to continue to evolve. The industrialization process formed a class of industrial workers who had more money to spend than their agricultural cousins. They spent this on items such as tobacco and sugar, creating new mass markets that stimulated more investment as merchants sought to exploit them. The mechanization of production spread to the countries surrounding England in western and northern Europe and to British settler colonies, helping to make those areas the wealthiest, and shaping what is now known as the Western world. Some economic historians argue that the possession of so-called exploitation colonies eased the accumulation of capital to the countries that possessed them, speeding up their development. The consequence was that the subject country integrated a bigger economic system in a subaltern position, emulating the countryside, which demands manufactured goods and offers raw materials, while the colonial power stressed its urban posture, providing goods and importing food. A classical example of this mechanism is said to be the triangular trade, which involved England, southern United States and western Africa. Critics argue that this polarity still affects the world, and has deeply retarded industrialization of what is now known as the Third World. Some have stressed the importance of natural or financial resources that Britain received from its many overseas colonies or that profits from the British slave trade between Africa and the Caribbean helped fuel industrial investment. Early industrialization in other countries After the Convention of Kanagawa issued by Commodore Matthew C. Perry forced Japan to open the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade, the Japanese government realized that drastic reforms were necessary to stave off Western influence. The Tokugawa shogunate abolished the feudal system. The government instituted military reforms to modernize the Japanese army and also constructed the base for industrialization. In the 1870s, the Meiji government vigorously promoted technological and industrial development that eventually changed Japan to a powerful modern country. In a similar way, Russia suffered during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The Soviet Unions centrally controlled economy decided to invest a big part of its resources to enhance its industrial production and infrastructures to assure its survival, thus becoming a world superpower.[8] During the Cold war, the other European socialist countries, organized under the Comecon framework, followed the same developing scheme, albeit with a less emphasis on heavy industry. Southern European countries saw a moderate industrialization during the 1950s-1970s, caused by a healthy integration of the European economy, though their level of development, as well as those of eastern countries, doesnt match the western standards.[9][10] The Third World A similar state-led developing programme was pursued in virtually all the Third World countries during the Cold War, including the socialist ones, but especially in Sub-Saharan Africa after the decolonization period.[citation needed] The primary scope of those projects was to achieve self-sufficiency through the local production of previously imported goods, the mechanization of agriculture and the spread of education and health care. However, all those experiences failed bitterly due to a lack of realism: most countries didnt have a pre-industrial bourgeoisie able to carry on a capitalistic development or even a stable and peaceful state. Those aborted experiences left huge debts toward western countries and fuelled public corruption. Petrol producing countries Oil-rich countries saw similar failures in their economic choices. An EIA report stated that OPEC member nations were projected to earn a net amount of $1.251 trillion in 2008 from their oil exports.[11] Because oil is both important and expensive, regions that had big reserves of oil had huge liquidity incomes. However, this was rarely followed by economic development. Experience shows that local elites were unable to re-invest the petrodollars obtained through oil export, and currency is wasted in luxury goods.[12] This is particularly evident in the Persian Gulf states, where the per capita income is comparable to those of western nations, but where no industrialization has started. Apart from two little countries (Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates), Arab states have not diversified their economies, and no replacement for the upcoming end of oil reserves is envisaged. Industrialization in Asia Apart from Japan, where industrialization began in the late 19th century, a different pattern of industrialization followed in East Asia. One of the fastest rates of industrialization occurred in the late 20th century across four countries known as the Asian tigers thanks to the existence of stable governments and well structured societies, strategic locations, heavy foreign investments, a low cost skilled and motivated workforce, a competitive exchange rate, and low custom duties. In the case of South Korea, the largest of the four Asian tigers, a very fast paced industrialization took place as it quickly moved away from the manufacturing of value added goods in the 1950s and 60s into the more advanced steel, shipbuilding and automobile industry in the 1970s and 80s, focusing on the high-tech and service industry in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result, South Korea became a major economic power and today is one of the wealthiest countries in Asia. This starting model was afterwards successfully copied in other larger Eastern and Southern Asian countries, including communist ones. The success of this phenomenon led to a huge wave of offshoring i.e., Western factories or Tertiary Sector corporations choosing to move their activities to countries where the workforce was less expensive and less collectively organized. China and India, while roughly following this development pattern, made adaptations in line with their own histories and cultures, their major size and importance in the world, and the geo-political ambitions of their governments (etc.). Currently, Chinas government is actively investing in expanding its own infrastructures and securing the required energy and raw materials supply channels, is supporting its exports by financing the United States balance payment deficit through the purchase of US treasury bonds, and is strengthening its military in order to endorse a major geopolitical role. Meanwhile, Indias government is investing in specific vanguard economic sectors such as bioengineering, nuclear technology, pharmaceutics, informatics, and technologically-oriented higher education, openly over passing its needs, with the goal of creating several specialization poles able to conquer foreign markets. Both Chinese and Indian corporations have also started to make huge investments in Third World countries, making them significant players in todays world economy. Newly industrialized countries In recent decades, a few countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, such as Turkey, South Africa, Malaysia, Philippines and Mexico have experienced substantial industrial growth, fuelled by exportations going to countries that have bigger economies: the United States, Japan, China, India and the EU. They are sometimes called newly-industrialized countries.[citation needed] Despite this trend being artificially influenced by the oil price increases since 2003, the phenomenon is not entirely new nor totally speculative (for instance see: Maquiladora). Most analysts conclude that in the next few decades the whole world will experience industrialization, and international inequality will be replaced with worldwide social inequality. Other outcomes Urbanization The concentration of labor into factories has brought about the rise of large towns to serve and house the working population. Exploitation Workers have to leave their family in order to come to work in the towns and cities where the industries are found Change to family structure The family structure changes with industrialization. The sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that in pre-industrial societies there is an extended family structure spanning many generations who probably remained in the same location for generations. In industrialized societies the nuclear family, consisting of only of parents and their growing children, predominates. Families and children reaching adulthood are more mobile and tend to relocate to where jobs exist. Extended family bonds become more tenuous. Environment Industrialization has spawned its own health problems. Modern stressors include noise, air, water pollution, poor nutrition, dangerous machinery, impersonal work, isolation, poverty, homelessness, and substance abuse. Health problems in industrial nations are as much caused by economic, social, political, and cultural factors as by pathogens. Industrialization has become a major medical issue worldwide. Current situation In 2005, the USA was the largest producer of industrial output followed by Japan and China, according to International Monetary Fund. Currently the international development community (World Bank, OECD, many United Nations departments, and some other organizations) endorses development policies like water purification or primary education. The community does not recognize traditional industrialization policies as being adequate to the Third World or beneficial in the longer term, with the perception that it could only create inefficient local industries unable to compete in a free-trade dominated world.

Anarchy, Evil, Leadership... :: essays research papers

Anarchy, Evil, Leadership†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.† (202) If there is not a leader, or the leader doesn’t have good leadership skills, evilness and anarchy can occur. In 1954, William Golding wrote a novel called Lord of the Flies, which demonstrated this point.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without leadership there aren’t any rules or with bad leadership, people break the rules. For example, one of the first rules that the group came up with was the conch rule. The conch was a seashell that could be used as a whistle. The conch rule was that if you had the conch, you had the floor and nobody was to interrupt you. â€Å"Jack stood up, scowling in the gloom, and held out his hands. ‘I haven’t finished yet.’ ‘but you’ve talked and talked!’ ‘I’ve got the conch.’ Jack sat down grumbling.† Breaking the conch rule was the starting point of anarchy. After that many other rules were broken. For instance, when Jack and his hunters were supposed to keep the fire going, they went hunting instead and let the fire go out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without leadership people do what they want. When Jack decided they needed to hunt, he just did it without approval, when they should have been watching the fire. As a result, the fire went out and a ship passed by the island. â€Å"’You let the fire go out’ This repetition made Jack uneasy. He looked at the twins then back at Ralph. ‘We had to have time to hunt,’ he said. ‘or there wouldn’t have been enough for a ring.’† (70) Some members of the group began to do whatever they wanted. When Ralph decided they needed to build shelters, they helped at first. After long Ralph and Simon were the only people building the huts. This also led to anarchy and the group splitting up into two groups. Having two groups that did not get along, one being blood thirsty savages, caused more of the problems that occurred later in the book. With bad leadership, or no leadership people follow their instinct even if it’s wrong. After the group split up, Jack and the hunters were dancing and celebrating, they got confused and followed their instinct. They killed what they thought was the beast, but it was really Simon. â€Å"Fleeing from the edge of the forest, and one of them broke the ring of biguns in his terror.